The ALMA Survey of Gas Evolution of PROtoplanetary Disks (AGE-PRO). XI. Beam-corrected Gas Disk Sizes from Fitting 12CO Moment Zero Maps
The inward drift of millimeter–centimeter sized pebbles in protoplanetary disks has become an important part of our current theories of planet formation and, more recently, planet composition as well. The gas-to-dust size ratio of protoplanetary disks can provide an important constraint on how pebbl...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
IOP Publishing
2025-01-01
|
| Series: | The Astrophysical Journal |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/adc7af |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1839608242253070336 |
|---|---|
| author | Leon Trapman Miguel Vioque Nicolás T. Kurtovic Ke Zhang Giovanni P. Rosotti Paola Pinilla John Carpenter Lucas A. Cieza Ilaria Pascucci Rossella Anania Carolina Agurto-Gangas Dingshan Deng James Miley Laura M. Pérez Anibal Sierra Benoît Tabone Dary A. Ruiz-Rodriguez Camilo González-Ruilova Estephani TorresVillanueva |
| author_facet | Leon Trapman Miguel Vioque Nicolás T. Kurtovic Ke Zhang Giovanni P. Rosotti Paola Pinilla John Carpenter Lucas A. Cieza Ilaria Pascucci Rossella Anania Carolina Agurto-Gangas Dingshan Deng James Miley Laura M. Pérez Anibal Sierra Benoît Tabone Dary A. Ruiz-Rodriguez Camilo González-Ruilova Estephani TorresVillanueva |
| author_sort | Leon Trapman |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The inward drift of millimeter–centimeter sized pebbles in protoplanetary disks has become an important part of our current theories of planet formation and, more recently, planet composition as well. The gas-to-dust size ratio of protoplanetary disks can provide an important constraint on how pebbles have drifted inward, provided that observational effects, especially resolution, can be accounted for. Here we present a method for fitting beam-convolved models to integrated intensity maps of line emission using the astropy Python package and use it to fit ^12 CO moment zero maps of 10 Lupus and 10 Upper Scorpius protoplanetary disks from the ALMA Survey of Gas Evolution of PROtoplanetary Disks (AGE-PRO) Program, a sample of disks around M3-K6 stars that cover the ∼1–6 Myr of gas disk evolution. From the unconvolved best fit models, we measure the gas disk size ( ${R}_{{\rm{CO}},90 \% }^{{\rm{model}}}$ ), which we combine with the dust disk size ( ${R}_{{\rm{dust}},90 \% }^{{\rm{FRANK}}}$ ) from continuum visibility fits from M. Vioque et al. to compute beam-corrected gas-to-dust size ratios. In our sample, we find gas-to-dust size ratios between ∼1 and ∼5.5, with a median value of $2.7{8}_{-0.32}^{+0.37}$ . Contrary to models of dust evolution that predict an increasing size ratio with time, we find that the younger disks in Lupus have similar (or even larger) median ratios $(3.0{2}_{-0.33}^{+0.33})$ than the older disks in Upper Sco $(2.4{6}_{-0.38}^{+0.53})$ . A possible explanation for this discrepancy is that pebble drift is halted in dust traps combined with truncation of the gas disk by external photoevaporation in Upper Sco, although survivorship bias could also play a role. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-7edf45bac7d94e3c884bcc3fb8543535 |
| institution | Matheson Library |
| issn | 1538-4357 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | IOP Publishing |
| record_format | Article |
| series | The Astrophysical Journal |
| spelling | doaj-art-7edf45bac7d94e3c884bcc3fb85435352025-07-31T13:02:50ZengIOP PublishingThe Astrophysical Journal1538-43572025-01-0198911010.3847/1538-4357/adc7afThe ALMA Survey of Gas Evolution of PROtoplanetary Disks (AGE-PRO). XI. Beam-corrected Gas Disk Sizes from Fitting 12CO Moment Zero MapsLeon Trapman0https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8623-9703Miguel Vioque1https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4147-3846Nicolás T. Kurtovic2https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2358-4796Ke Zhang3https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0661-7517Giovanni P. Rosotti4https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4853-5736Paola Pinilla5https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8764-1780John Carpenter6https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2251-0602Lucas A. Cieza7https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2828-1153Ilaria Pascucci8https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7962-1683Rossella Anania9https://orcid.org/0009-0004-8091-5055Carolina Agurto-Gangas10https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7238-2306Dingshan Deng11https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0777-7392James Miley12https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1575-680XLaura M. Pérez13https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1199-9564Anibal Sierra14https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5991-8073Benoît Tabone15https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1103-3225Dary A. Ruiz-Rodriguez16https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3573-8163Camilo González-Ruilova17https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4907-189XEstephani TorresVillanueva18https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9961-8203Department of Astronomy, University of Wisconsin-Madison , 475 N Charter St., Madison, WI 53706, USA ; ltrapman@wisc.eduEuropean Southern Observatory , Karl-Schwarzschild-Str. 2, 85748 Garching bei München, Germany; Joint ALMA Observatory , Alonso de Córdova 3107, Vitacura, Santiago 763-0355, ChileMax Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics , Giessenbachstrasse 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany; Max-Planck-Institut fur Astronomie (MPIA) , Konigstuhl 17, 69117 Heidelberg, GermanyDepartment of Astronomy, University of Wisconsin-Madison , 475 N Charter St., Madison, WI 53706, USA ; ltrapman@wisc.eduDipartimento di Fisica , Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 16, I-20133 Milano, ItalyMullard Space Science Laboratory , University College London, Holmbury St Mary, Dorking, Surrey RH5 6NT, UKJoint ALMA Observatory , Alonso de Córdova 3107, Vitacura, Santiago 763-0355, ChileInstituto de Estudios Astrofísicos , Universidad Diego Portales, Av. Ejercito 441, Santiago, ChileLunar and Planetary Laboratory , the University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USADipartimento di Fisica , Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 16, I-20133 Milano, ItalyDepartamento de Astronomía , Universidad de Chile, Camino El Observatorio 1515, Las Condes, Santiago, ChileLunar and Planetary Laboratory , the University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USADepartamento de Física , Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Av. Victor Jara 3659, Santiago, Chile; Millennium Nucleus on Young Exoplanets and their Moons (YEMS) , Chile; Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Astrophysics and Space Exploration (CIRAS) , Universidad de Santiago, ChileDepartamento de Astronomía , Universidad de Chile, Camino El Observatorio 1515, Las Condes, Santiago, ChileDepartamento de Astronomía , Universidad de Chile, Camino El Observatorio 1515, Las Condes, Santiago, ChileUniversité Paris-Saclay , CNRS, Institut d’Astrophysique Spatiale, Orsay, FranceNational Radio Astronomy Observatory , 520 Edgemont Rd., Charlottesville, VA 22903, USAInstituto de Estudios Astrofísicos , Universidad Diego Portales, Av. Ejercito 441, Santiago, Chile; Millennium Nucleus on Young Exoplanets and their Moons (YEMS) , Chile; Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Astrophysics and Space Exploration (CIRAS) , Universidad de Santiago, ChileDepartment of Astronomy, University of Wisconsin-Madison , 475 N Charter St., Madison, WI 53706, USA ; ltrapman@wisc.eduThe inward drift of millimeter–centimeter sized pebbles in protoplanetary disks has become an important part of our current theories of planet formation and, more recently, planet composition as well. The gas-to-dust size ratio of protoplanetary disks can provide an important constraint on how pebbles have drifted inward, provided that observational effects, especially resolution, can be accounted for. Here we present a method for fitting beam-convolved models to integrated intensity maps of line emission using the astropy Python package and use it to fit ^12 CO moment zero maps of 10 Lupus and 10 Upper Scorpius protoplanetary disks from the ALMA Survey of Gas Evolution of PROtoplanetary Disks (AGE-PRO) Program, a sample of disks around M3-K6 stars that cover the ∼1–6 Myr of gas disk evolution. From the unconvolved best fit models, we measure the gas disk size ( ${R}_{{\rm{CO}},90 \% }^{{\rm{model}}}$ ), which we combine with the dust disk size ( ${R}_{{\rm{dust}},90 \% }^{{\rm{FRANK}}}$ ) from continuum visibility fits from M. Vioque et al. to compute beam-corrected gas-to-dust size ratios. In our sample, we find gas-to-dust size ratios between ∼1 and ∼5.5, with a median value of $2.7{8}_{-0.32}^{+0.37}$ . Contrary to models of dust evolution that predict an increasing size ratio with time, we find that the younger disks in Lupus have similar (or even larger) median ratios $(3.0{2}_{-0.33}^{+0.33})$ than the older disks in Upper Sco $(2.4{6}_{-0.38}^{+0.53})$ . A possible explanation for this discrepancy is that pebble drift is halted in dust traps combined with truncation of the gas disk by external photoevaporation in Upper Sco, although survivorship bias could also play a role.https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/adc7afProtoplanetary disksRadio interferometry |
| spellingShingle | Leon Trapman Miguel Vioque Nicolás T. Kurtovic Ke Zhang Giovanni P. Rosotti Paola Pinilla John Carpenter Lucas A. Cieza Ilaria Pascucci Rossella Anania Carolina Agurto-Gangas Dingshan Deng James Miley Laura M. Pérez Anibal Sierra Benoît Tabone Dary A. Ruiz-Rodriguez Camilo González-Ruilova Estephani TorresVillanueva The ALMA Survey of Gas Evolution of PROtoplanetary Disks (AGE-PRO). XI. Beam-corrected Gas Disk Sizes from Fitting 12CO Moment Zero Maps The Astrophysical Journal Protoplanetary disks Radio interferometry |
| title | The ALMA Survey of Gas Evolution of PROtoplanetary Disks (AGE-PRO). XI. Beam-corrected Gas Disk Sizes from Fitting 12CO Moment Zero Maps |
| title_full | The ALMA Survey of Gas Evolution of PROtoplanetary Disks (AGE-PRO). XI. Beam-corrected Gas Disk Sizes from Fitting 12CO Moment Zero Maps |
| title_fullStr | The ALMA Survey of Gas Evolution of PROtoplanetary Disks (AGE-PRO). XI. Beam-corrected Gas Disk Sizes from Fitting 12CO Moment Zero Maps |
| title_full_unstemmed | The ALMA Survey of Gas Evolution of PROtoplanetary Disks (AGE-PRO). XI. Beam-corrected Gas Disk Sizes from Fitting 12CO Moment Zero Maps |
| title_short | The ALMA Survey of Gas Evolution of PROtoplanetary Disks (AGE-PRO). XI. Beam-corrected Gas Disk Sizes from Fitting 12CO Moment Zero Maps |
| title_sort | alma survey of gas evolution of protoplanetary disks age pro xi beam corrected gas disk sizes from fitting 12co moment zero maps |
| topic | Protoplanetary disks Radio interferometry |
| url | https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/adc7af |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT leontrapman thealmasurveyofgasevolutionofprotoplanetarydisksageproxibeamcorrectedgasdisksizesfromfitting12comomentzeromaps AT miguelvioque thealmasurveyofgasevolutionofprotoplanetarydisksageproxibeamcorrectedgasdisksizesfromfitting12comomentzeromaps AT nicolastkurtovic thealmasurveyofgasevolutionofprotoplanetarydisksageproxibeamcorrectedgasdisksizesfromfitting12comomentzeromaps AT kezhang thealmasurveyofgasevolutionofprotoplanetarydisksageproxibeamcorrectedgasdisksizesfromfitting12comomentzeromaps AT giovanniprosotti thealmasurveyofgasevolutionofprotoplanetarydisksageproxibeamcorrectedgasdisksizesfromfitting12comomentzeromaps AT paolapinilla thealmasurveyofgasevolutionofprotoplanetarydisksageproxibeamcorrectedgasdisksizesfromfitting12comomentzeromaps AT johncarpenter thealmasurveyofgasevolutionofprotoplanetarydisksageproxibeamcorrectedgasdisksizesfromfitting12comomentzeromaps AT lucasacieza thealmasurveyofgasevolutionofprotoplanetarydisksageproxibeamcorrectedgasdisksizesfromfitting12comomentzeromaps AT ilariapascucci thealmasurveyofgasevolutionofprotoplanetarydisksageproxibeamcorrectedgasdisksizesfromfitting12comomentzeromaps AT rossellaanania thealmasurveyofgasevolutionofprotoplanetarydisksageproxibeamcorrectedgasdisksizesfromfitting12comomentzeromaps AT carolinaagurtogangas thealmasurveyofgasevolutionofprotoplanetarydisksageproxibeamcorrectedgasdisksizesfromfitting12comomentzeromaps AT dingshandeng thealmasurveyofgasevolutionofprotoplanetarydisksageproxibeamcorrectedgasdisksizesfromfitting12comomentzeromaps AT jamesmiley thealmasurveyofgasevolutionofprotoplanetarydisksageproxibeamcorrectedgasdisksizesfromfitting12comomentzeromaps AT lauramperez thealmasurveyofgasevolutionofprotoplanetarydisksageproxibeamcorrectedgasdisksizesfromfitting12comomentzeromaps AT anibalsierra thealmasurveyofgasevolutionofprotoplanetarydisksageproxibeamcorrectedgasdisksizesfromfitting12comomentzeromaps AT benoittabone thealmasurveyofgasevolutionofprotoplanetarydisksageproxibeamcorrectedgasdisksizesfromfitting12comomentzeromaps AT daryaruizrodriguez thealmasurveyofgasevolutionofprotoplanetarydisksageproxibeamcorrectedgasdisksizesfromfitting12comomentzeromaps AT camilogonzalezruilova thealmasurveyofgasevolutionofprotoplanetarydisksageproxibeamcorrectedgasdisksizesfromfitting12comomentzeromaps AT estephanitorresvillanueva thealmasurveyofgasevolutionofprotoplanetarydisksageproxibeamcorrectedgasdisksizesfromfitting12comomentzeromaps AT leontrapman almasurveyofgasevolutionofprotoplanetarydisksageproxibeamcorrectedgasdisksizesfromfitting12comomentzeromaps AT miguelvioque almasurveyofgasevolutionofprotoplanetarydisksageproxibeamcorrectedgasdisksizesfromfitting12comomentzeromaps AT nicolastkurtovic almasurveyofgasevolutionofprotoplanetarydisksageproxibeamcorrectedgasdisksizesfromfitting12comomentzeromaps AT kezhang almasurveyofgasevolutionofprotoplanetarydisksageproxibeamcorrectedgasdisksizesfromfitting12comomentzeromaps AT giovanniprosotti almasurveyofgasevolutionofprotoplanetarydisksageproxibeamcorrectedgasdisksizesfromfitting12comomentzeromaps AT paolapinilla almasurveyofgasevolutionofprotoplanetarydisksageproxibeamcorrectedgasdisksizesfromfitting12comomentzeromaps AT johncarpenter almasurveyofgasevolutionofprotoplanetarydisksageproxibeamcorrectedgasdisksizesfromfitting12comomentzeromaps AT lucasacieza almasurveyofgasevolutionofprotoplanetarydisksageproxibeamcorrectedgasdisksizesfromfitting12comomentzeromaps AT ilariapascucci almasurveyofgasevolutionofprotoplanetarydisksageproxibeamcorrectedgasdisksizesfromfitting12comomentzeromaps AT rossellaanania almasurveyofgasevolutionofprotoplanetarydisksageproxibeamcorrectedgasdisksizesfromfitting12comomentzeromaps AT carolinaagurtogangas almasurveyofgasevolutionofprotoplanetarydisksageproxibeamcorrectedgasdisksizesfromfitting12comomentzeromaps AT dingshandeng almasurveyofgasevolutionofprotoplanetarydisksageproxibeamcorrectedgasdisksizesfromfitting12comomentzeromaps AT jamesmiley almasurveyofgasevolutionofprotoplanetarydisksageproxibeamcorrectedgasdisksizesfromfitting12comomentzeromaps AT lauramperez almasurveyofgasevolutionofprotoplanetarydisksageproxibeamcorrectedgasdisksizesfromfitting12comomentzeromaps AT anibalsierra almasurveyofgasevolutionofprotoplanetarydisksageproxibeamcorrectedgasdisksizesfromfitting12comomentzeromaps AT benoittabone almasurveyofgasevolutionofprotoplanetarydisksageproxibeamcorrectedgasdisksizesfromfitting12comomentzeromaps AT daryaruizrodriguez almasurveyofgasevolutionofprotoplanetarydisksageproxibeamcorrectedgasdisksizesfromfitting12comomentzeromaps AT camilogonzalezruilova almasurveyofgasevolutionofprotoplanetarydisksageproxibeamcorrectedgasdisksizesfromfitting12comomentzeromaps AT estephanitorresvillanueva almasurveyofgasevolutionofprotoplanetarydisksageproxibeamcorrectedgasdisksizesfromfitting12comomentzeromaps |