Religious inclusion in Indonesia’s higher education: a national survey on knowledge, attitudes, and practices among undergraduate students

Indonesia faces challenges in realizing religious inclusiveness in higher education. Although there have been many studies on religious diversity in Indonesia, there is still a knowledge gap regarding the level of religious inclusiveness among university students. This study aims to develop theories...

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Main Authors: Millatuz Zakiyah, Destriana Saraswati, M. Alifudin Ikhsan, Mohamad Anas, Yulianto
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Taylor & Francis Group 2025-12-01
Series:Cogent Education
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Online Access:https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/2331186X.2025.2536536
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author Millatuz Zakiyah
Destriana Saraswati
M. Alifudin Ikhsan
Mohamad Anas
Yulianto
author_facet Millatuz Zakiyah
Destriana Saraswati
M. Alifudin Ikhsan
Mohamad Anas
Yulianto
author_sort Millatuz Zakiyah
collection DOAJ
description Indonesia faces challenges in realizing religious inclusiveness in higher education. Although there have been many studies on religious diversity in Indonesia, there is still a knowledge gap regarding the level of religious inclusiveness among university students. This study aims to develop theories, concepts, dimensions, and measurement instruments, as well as measure the level of religious inclusiveness among Indonesian university students. The research was conducted in 48 universities in Indonesia, including state universities and faith-based universities, with respondents from various religious and ethnic backgrounds. This research method uses a quantitative approach with a questionnaire survey conducted during the period 2023–2024 involving 766 students. The findings of this study reveal that the level of religious inclusiveness of Indonesian students is generally in the high category. The dimension of respondents’ understanding of religious inclusiveness is higher than other dimensions. Students from religious-based universities show lower levels of inclusiveness than students from general universities. Respondents with a religious-based secondary education background had lower levels of inclusiveness than those with a general school background. Female respondents showed higher levels of religious inclusiveness than males. This finding indicates the need for more targeted university policies to increase religious inclusiveness, especially in faith-based universities.
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spelling doaj-art-7df63da005db4573a204ca2edb9d91c82025-08-01T23:00:11ZengTaylor & Francis GroupCogent Education2331-186X2025-12-0112110.1080/2331186X.2025.2536536Religious inclusion in Indonesia’s higher education: a national survey on knowledge, attitudes, and practices among undergraduate studentsMillatuz Zakiyah0Destriana Saraswati1M. Alifudin Ikhsan2Mohamad Anas3Yulianto4Department of Language Education, Faculty of Cultural Studies, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, IndonesiaDepartment of Political Science, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, IndonesiaDepartment of Civics Education, Faculty of Social, Law and Political Science, Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta, Yogyakarta, IndonesiaDepartment of Sociology, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, IndonesiaDepartment of Architectural Engineering, Faculty Science and Technology, Universitas Islam Negeri Maulana Malik Ibrahim, Malang, IndonesiaIndonesia faces challenges in realizing religious inclusiveness in higher education. Although there have been many studies on religious diversity in Indonesia, there is still a knowledge gap regarding the level of religious inclusiveness among university students. This study aims to develop theories, concepts, dimensions, and measurement instruments, as well as measure the level of religious inclusiveness among Indonesian university students. The research was conducted in 48 universities in Indonesia, including state universities and faith-based universities, with respondents from various religious and ethnic backgrounds. This research method uses a quantitative approach with a questionnaire survey conducted during the period 2023–2024 involving 766 students. The findings of this study reveal that the level of religious inclusiveness of Indonesian students is generally in the high category. The dimension of respondents’ understanding of religious inclusiveness is higher than other dimensions. Students from religious-based universities show lower levels of inclusiveness than students from general universities. Respondents with a religious-based secondary education background had lower levels of inclusiveness than those with a general school background. Female respondents showed higher levels of religious inclusiveness than males. This finding indicates the need for more targeted university policies to increase religious inclusiveness, especially in faith-based universities.https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/2331186X.2025.2536536Religious inclusionknowledgeattitudepracticeundergraduate studentsHigher education
spellingShingle Millatuz Zakiyah
Destriana Saraswati
M. Alifudin Ikhsan
Mohamad Anas
Yulianto
Religious inclusion in Indonesia’s higher education: a national survey on knowledge, attitudes, and practices among undergraduate students
Cogent Education
Religious inclusion
knowledge
attitude
practice
undergraduate students
Higher education
title Religious inclusion in Indonesia’s higher education: a national survey on knowledge, attitudes, and practices among undergraduate students
title_full Religious inclusion in Indonesia’s higher education: a national survey on knowledge, attitudes, and practices among undergraduate students
title_fullStr Religious inclusion in Indonesia’s higher education: a national survey on knowledge, attitudes, and practices among undergraduate students
title_full_unstemmed Religious inclusion in Indonesia’s higher education: a national survey on knowledge, attitudes, and practices among undergraduate students
title_short Religious inclusion in Indonesia’s higher education: a national survey on knowledge, attitudes, and practices among undergraduate students
title_sort religious inclusion in indonesia s higher education a national survey on knowledge attitudes and practices among undergraduate students
topic Religious inclusion
knowledge
attitude
practice
undergraduate students
Higher education
url https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/2331186X.2025.2536536
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