Serum <i>p</i>-Cresyl Sulfate Is Independently Associated with Aortic Stiffness in Non-Dialysis Chronic Kidney Disease Patients
<i>p</i>-Cresyl sulfate (PCS), a gut-derived uremic toxin with proinflammatory and cytotoxic effects, has been implicated in cardiovascular injuries among patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Aortic stiffness (AS), assessed by carotid–femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV), is a reco...
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Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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Format: | Article |
Language: | English |
Published: |
MDPI AG
2025-07-01
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Series: | Life |
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1729/15/7/1116 |
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