The Earth4All scenarios: human wellbeing on a finite planet towards 2100
Abstract How can wellbeing for all be improved while reducing risks of destabilising the biosphere? This ambition underlies the 2030 Agenda but analysing whether it is possible in the long-term requires linking global socioeconomic developments with life-supporting Earth systems and incorporating f...
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| Format: | Article |
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Cambridge University Press
2025-01-01
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| Series: | Global Sustainability |
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| Online Access: | https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S2059479825100136/type/journal_article |
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| author | Per Espen Stoknes David Collste Sarah E. Cornell Ben Callegari Nathalie Spittler Owen Gaffney Jorgen Randers |
| author_facet | Per Espen Stoknes David Collste Sarah E. Cornell Ben Callegari Nathalie Spittler Owen Gaffney Jorgen Randers |
| author_sort | Per Espen Stoknes |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract
How can wellbeing for all be improved while reducing risks of destabilising the biosphere? This ambition underlies the 2030 Agenda but analysing whether it is possible in the long-term requires linking global socioeconomic developments with life-supporting Earth systems and incorporating feedbacks between them. The Earth4All initiative explores integrated developments of human wellbeing and environmental pressures up to 2100 based on expert elicitation and an integrated global systems model. The relatively simple Earth4All model focuses on quantifying and capturing some high-level feedback between socioeconomic and environmental domains. It analyses economic transformations to increase wellbeing worldwide and increase social cohesion to create conditions that are more likely to reduce pressures on planetary boundaries. The model includes two key novelties: a social tension index and a wellbeing index, to track societal progress this century. The scenarios suggest that today's dominant economic policies are likely to lead to rising social tensions, worsening environmental pressures, and declining wellbeing. In the coming decades, unchecked rising social tensions, we hypothesise, will make it more difficult to build a large consensus around long-term industrial policy and behavioural changes needed to respect planetary boundaries. We propose five extraordinary turnarounds around poverty, inequality, empowerment, energy and food that in the model world can shift the economy off the current trajectory, improve human wellbeing at a global scale, reduce social tensions and ease environmental pressures. The model, the five (exogenous) turnarounds and the resulting two scenarios can be used as science-policy boundary objects in discussions on future trajectories.
Non-technical summary
Our world is facing a convergence of environmental, health, security, and social crises. These issues demand urgent, systemic solutions now that address not only environmental but also social dimensions. Weak political responses have stalled progress on the Sustainable Development Goals and the Paris Agreement. We have developed scenarios that explore interconnections between possible climate futures, rising living costs, and increasing inequalities that fuel populism and undermine democracy to the year 2100. We propose five turnaround solutions – energy, food and land systems, inequality, poverty, and gender equality – that if enacted are likely to provide wellbeing for a majority of people plus greater social cohesion. This will support long-term industrial policies and behavioural change to reduce emissions and protect the biosphere toward a long-term goal of living on a relatively stable planet.
Social Media summary
Our dominant economic model is destabilising societies and the planet. Earth4All found 5 turnarounds for real system change.
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| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-7de95ebfa97c42f5a01f3efab952dca8 |
| institution | Matheson Library |
| issn | 2059-4798 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | Cambridge University Press |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Global Sustainability |
| spelling | doaj-art-7de95ebfa97c42f5a01f3efab952dca82025-07-04T11:19:44ZengCambridge University PressGlobal Sustainability2059-47982025-01-01810.1017/sus.2025.10013The Earth4All scenarios: human wellbeing on a finite planet towards 2100Per Espen Stoknes0David Collste1https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4303-9744Sarah E. Cornell2https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4367-1296Ben Callegari3Nathalie Spittler4https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3493-965XOwen Gaffney5Jorgen Randers6https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2214-684XLeadership and Organizational Behaviour, BI Norwegian Business School, NorwayStockholm Resilience Centre, SwedenStockholm Resilience Centre, SwedenSchool of Economics, Innovation and Technology, Kristiania University College, Oslo, NorwaySchool of Economics, Innovation and Technology, Kristiania University College, Oslo, NorwayLeadership and Organizational Behaviour, BI Norwegian Business School, NorwayBOKU University, Vienna, AustriaAbstract How can wellbeing for all be improved while reducing risks of destabilising the biosphere? This ambition underlies the 2030 Agenda but analysing whether it is possible in the long-term requires linking global socioeconomic developments with life-supporting Earth systems and incorporating feedbacks between them. The Earth4All initiative explores integrated developments of human wellbeing and environmental pressures up to 2100 based on expert elicitation and an integrated global systems model. The relatively simple Earth4All model focuses on quantifying and capturing some high-level feedback between socioeconomic and environmental domains. It analyses economic transformations to increase wellbeing worldwide and increase social cohesion to create conditions that are more likely to reduce pressures on planetary boundaries. The model includes two key novelties: a social tension index and a wellbeing index, to track societal progress this century. The scenarios suggest that today's dominant economic policies are likely to lead to rising social tensions, worsening environmental pressures, and declining wellbeing. In the coming decades, unchecked rising social tensions, we hypothesise, will make it more difficult to build a large consensus around long-term industrial policy and behavioural changes needed to respect planetary boundaries. We propose five extraordinary turnarounds around poverty, inequality, empowerment, energy and food that in the model world can shift the economy off the current trajectory, improve human wellbeing at a global scale, reduce social tensions and ease environmental pressures. The model, the five (exogenous) turnarounds and the resulting two scenarios can be used as science-policy boundary objects in discussions on future trajectories. Non-technical summary Our world is facing a convergence of environmental, health, security, and social crises. These issues demand urgent, systemic solutions now that address not only environmental but also social dimensions. Weak political responses have stalled progress on the Sustainable Development Goals and the Paris Agreement. We have developed scenarios that explore interconnections between possible climate futures, rising living costs, and increasing inequalities that fuel populism and undermine democracy to the year 2100. We propose five turnaround solutions – energy, food and land systems, inequality, poverty, and gender equality – that if enacted are likely to provide wellbeing for a majority of people plus greater social cohesion. This will support long-term industrial policies and behavioural change to reduce emissions and protect the biosphere toward a long-term goal of living on a relatively stable planet. Social Media summary Our dominant economic model is destabilising societies and the planet. Earth4All found 5 turnarounds for real system change. https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S2059479825100136/type/journal_articleEarth systemseconomic transformationglobal governancescenario simulations |
| spellingShingle | Per Espen Stoknes David Collste Sarah E. Cornell Ben Callegari Nathalie Spittler Owen Gaffney Jorgen Randers The Earth4All scenarios: human wellbeing on a finite planet towards 2100 Global Sustainability Earth systems economic transformation global governance scenario simulations |
| title | The Earth4All scenarios: human wellbeing on a finite planet towards 2100 |
| title_full | The Earth4All scenarios: human wellbeing on a finite planet towards 2100 |
| title_fullStr | The Earth4All scenarios: human wellbeing on a finite planet towards 2100 |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Earth4All scenarios: human wellbeing on a finite planet towards 2100 |
| title_short | The Earth4All scenarios: human wellbeing on a finite planet towards 2100 |
| title_sort | earth4all scenarios human wellbeing on a finite planet towards 2100 |
| topic | Earth systems economic transformation global governance scenario simulations |
| url | https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S2059479825100136/type/journal_article |
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