Development and Fuel Economy Optimization of Series–Parallel Hybrid Powertrain for Van-Style VW Crafter Vehicle
The presence of toxic gas emissions from conventional vehicles is worrisome globally. Over the past few years, there has been a broad adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) to reduce energy usage and mitigate environmental emissions. The EVs are characterized by limited range, cost, and short range. Th...
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Main Authors: | Ahmed Nabil Farouk Abdelbaky, Aminu Babangida, Abdullahi Bala Kunya, Péter Tamás Szemes |
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Format: | Article |
Language: | English |
Published: |
MDPI AG
2025-07-01
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Series: | Energies |
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/14/3688 |
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