Development and Fuel Economy Optimization of Series–Parallel Hybrid Powertrain for Van-Style VW Crafter Vehicle

The presence of toxic gas emissions from conventional vehicles is worrisome globally. Over the past few years, there has been a broad adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) to reduce energy usage and mitigate environmental emissions. The EVs are characterized by limited range, cost, and short range. Th...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Ahmed Nabil Farouk Abdelbaky, Aminu Babangida, Abdullahi Bala Kunya, Péter Tamás Szemes
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-07-01
Series:Energies
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/14/3688
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