Exploration of serum biomarkers in heart failure patients with preserved and reduced ejection fractions through analysis of heterogeneity
Background: Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) and heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) differ markedly in their pathophysiology. Distinguishing HFpEF remains challenging, particularly among patients with hypertension and metabolic syndrome. Methods: Untargeted me...
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Main Authors: | , , , , |
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Format: | Article |
Language: | English |
Published: |
Elsevier
2025-09-01
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Series: | Biochemistry and Biophysics Reports |
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405580825002705 |
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