Mesoporous Bi<sub>2</sub>S<sub>3</sub>/Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> Heterostructure-Based Sensors for Sub-ppm NO<sub>2</sub> Detection at Room Temperature
Novel Bi<sub>2</sub>S<sub>3</sub>/Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> hybrid materials with unique mesoporous structures were successfully synthesized via a facile in situ elevated-temperature thermal oxidation method using the Bi<sub>2</sub>S<s...
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2025-06-01
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| author | Wei Liu Jiashuo Chen Ding Gu Shupeng Sun Xinlei Li Xiaogan Li |
| author_facet | Wei Liu Jiashuo Chen Ding Gu Shupeng Sun Xinlei Li Xiaogan Li |
| author_sort | Wei Liu |
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| description | Novel Bi<sub>2</sub>S<sub>3</sub>/Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> hybrid materials with unique mesoporous structures were successfully synthesized via a facile in situ elevated-temperature thermal oxidation method using the Bi<sub>2</sub>S<sub>3</sub> as a precursor in air. The as-prepared Bi<sub>2</sub>S<sub>3</sub>/Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> heterostructure-based sensor exhibits an excellent performance for detecting sub-ppm concentrations of NO<sub>2</sub> at room temperature (RT). In the presence of 8 ppm NO<sub>2</sub>, the sensor registers a response of approximately 7.85, reflecting a 3.5-fold increase compared to the pristine Bi<sub>2</sub>S<sub>3</sub>-based sensor. The response time is 71 s, while the recovery time is 238 s, which are reduced by 32.4% and 24.2%, respectively, compared to the pristine Bi<sub>2</sub>S<sub>3</sub>-based sensor. The Bi<sub>2</sub>S<sub>3</sub>/Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> heterostructure-based sensor achieves an impressively low detection limit of 0.1 ppm for NO<sub>2</sub>, and the sensor has been demonstrated to possess superior signal repeatability, gas selectivity, and long-term stability. The optimal preparation conditions of the hybrid materials were explored, and the formation of mesoporous structure was analyzed. The obviously improved gas sensitivity of the Bi<sub>2</sub>S<sub>3</sub>/Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> heterostructure-based sensor can be assigned to the combined influence of electronic sensitization and its distinctive morphological structure. The potential gas-sensitive mechanisms were revealed by employing density functional theory (DFT). It was found that the formation of heterostructures could enhance the adsorption energies and increase the amount of electron transfer between NO<sub>2</sub> molecules and the hybrid materials. Furthermore, the electron redistribution driven by orbital hybridization between O and Bi atoms improves the capacity of NO<sub>2</sub> molecules to capture additional electrons from the Bi<sub>2</sub>S<sub>3</sub>/Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> heterostructures. The content of this work supplies an innovative design strategy for constructing NO<sub>2</sub> sensor with high performance and low energy consumption at RT. |
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| spelling | doaj-art-73f0033c68454e909e75bcc440b4f3e42025-06-25T14:25:15ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202025-06-012512361210.3390/s25123612Mesoporous Bi<sub>2</sub>S<sub>3</sub>/Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> Heterostructure-Based Sensors for Sub-ppm NO<sub>2</sub> Detection at Room TemperatureWei Liu0Jiashuo Chen1Ding Gu2Shupeng Sun3Xinlei Li4Xiaogan Li5School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, ChinaSchool of Electronics and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, ChinaSchool of Microelectronics and Control Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, ChinaSchool of Integrated Circuits, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, ChinaSchool of Integrated Circuits, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, ChinaSchool of Integrated Circuits, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, ChinaNovel Bi<sub>2</sub>S<sub>3</sub>/Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> hybrid materials with unique mesoporous structures were successfully synthesized via a facile in situ elevated-temperature thermal oxidation method using the Bi<sub>2</sub>S<sub>3</sub> as a precursor in air. The as-prepared Bi<sub>2</sub>S<sub>3</sub>/Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> heterostructure-based sensor exhibits an excellent performance for detecting sub-ppm concentrations of NO<sub>2</sub> at room temperature (RT). In the presence of 8 ppm NO<sub>2</sub>, the sensor registers a response of approximately 7.85, reflecting a 3.5-fold increase compared to the pristine Bi<sub>2</sub>S<sub>3</sub>-based sensor. The response time is 71 s, while the recovery time is 238 s, which are reduced by 32.4% and 24.2%, respectively, compared to the pristine Bi<sub>2</sub>S<sub>3</sub>-based sensor. The Bi<sub>2</sub>S<sub>3</sub>/Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> heterostructure-based sensor achieves an impressively low detection limit of 0.1 ppm for NO<sub>2</sub>, and the sensor has been demonstrated to possess superior signal repeatability, gas selectivity, and long-term stability. The optimal preparation conditions of the hybrid materials were explored, and the formation of mesoporous structure was analyzed. The obviously improved gas sensitivity of the Bi<sub>2</sub>S<sub>3</sub>/Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> heterostructure-based sensor can be assigned to the combined influence of electronic sensitization and its distinctive morphological structure. The potential gas-sensitive mechanisms were revealed by employing density functional theory (DFT). It was found that the formation of heterostructures could enhance the adsorption energies and increase the amount of electron transfer between NO<sub>2</sub> molecules and the hybrid materials. Furthermore, the electron redistribution driven by orbital hybridization between O and Bi atoms improves the capacity of NO<sub>2</sub> molecules to capture additional electrons from the Bi<sub>2</sub>S<sub>3</sub>/Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> heterostructures. The content of this work supplies an innovative design strategy for constructing NO<sub>2</sub> sensor with high performance and low energy consumption at RT.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/12/3612Bi<sub>2</sub>S<sub>3</sub>/Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> heterostructuresmesoporous structuresgas sensorsNO<sub>2</sub> detectiondensity functional theory |
| spellingShingle | Wei Liu Jiashuo Chen Ding Gu Shupeng Sun Xinlei Li Xiaogan Li Mesoporous Bi<sub>2</sub>S<sub>3</sub>/Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> Heterostructure-Based Sensors for Sub-ppm NO<sub>2</sub> Detection at Room Temperature Sensors Bi<sub>2</sub>S<sub>3</sub>/Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> heterostructures mesoporous structures gas sensors NO<sub>2</sub> detection density functional theory |
| title | Mesoporous Bi<sub>2</sub>S<sub>3</sub>/Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> Heterostructure-Based Sensors for Sub-ppm NO<sub>2</sub> Detection at Room Temperature |
| title_full | Mesoporous Bi<sub>2</sub>S<sub>3</sub>/Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> Heterostructure-Based Sensors for Sub-ppm NO<sub>2</sub> Detection at Room Temperature |
| title_fullStr | Mesoporous Bi<sub>2</sub>S<sub>3</sub>/Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> Heterostructure-Based Sensors for Sub-ppm NO<sub>2</sub> Detection at Room Temperature |
| title_full_unstemmed | Mesoporous Bi<sub>2</sub>S<sub>3</sub>/Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> Heterostructure-Based Sensors for Sub-ppm NO<sub>2</sub> Detection at Room Temperature |
| title_short | Mesoporous Bi<sub>2</sub>S<sub>3</sub>/Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> Heterostructure-Based Sensors for Sub-ppm NO<sub>2</sub> Detection at Room Temperature |
| title_sort | mesoporous bi sub 2 sub s sub 3 sub bi sub 2 sub o sub 3 sub heterostructure based sensors for sub ppm no sub 2 sub detection at room temperature |
| topic | Bi<sub>2</sub>S<sub>3</sub>/Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> heterostructures mesoporous structures gas sensors NO<sub>2</sub> detection density functional theory |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/12/3612 |
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