The regolith-hosted clay REEs leaching effects by mechanical grinding and at low temperature: An analogy on treatment method
The leaching effects of regolith-hosted clay particles under mechanical grinding at low temperatures have not been well studied. This study primarily aims to understand how grinding induces intensive pressure, stress, and abrasion on clay particles. Consequently, this may either increase or decrease...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Elsevier
2025-07-01
|
| Series: | Journal of Materials Research and Technology |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2238785425014851 |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1839648805741395968 |
|---|---|
| author | Hassan Nasir Mangi Liqiang Ma Ru'an Chi Chenghao Wu Zhenyue Zhang Yan DeTian Lara Sindhu Khalid Thebo Umar Ashraf |
| author_facet | Hassan Nasir Mangi Liqiang Ma Ru'an Chi Chenghao Wu Zhenyue Zhang Yan DeTian Lara Sindhu Khalid Thebo Umar Ashraf |
| author_sort | Hassan Nasir Mangi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The leaching effects of regolith-hosted clay particles under mechanical grinding at low temperatures have not been well studied. This study primarily aims to understand how grinding induces intensive pressure, stress, and abrasion on clay particles. Consequently, this may either increase or decrease the surface area and either release or block rare earth elements (REEs ions) embedded in the clay minerals. The adoption of grinding and low-temperature methods applied to different clay horizon samples affects the leaching and adsorption behavior of the particles. This comparative study also provides insight into the intrinsic properties of REEs across different horizons of regolith-hosted clay. High grinding processes can damage the original pore geometry while creating a new pore network in plastic materials like phyllosilicate minerals. XRD-based hidden peaks deconvolution analysis reveals hidden peaks related to the crystallization behavior of halloysite (Al2Si2O5(OH)4). Low temperature suggests that the behavior of ions in micropores influences their fractionation and diffusion processes more effectively than in larger pore spaces. The endogenic gaseous activated energy states refer to the energy of gas molecules, such as water vapor or ammonia, present within the micropores of clay particles during leaching at 50 °C. These gases are energized by heat and grinding, reaching higher energy levels that drive endothermic reactions, facilitating the release of rare earth elements (REEs) through NH4+ ion exchange in both open and closed pore networks. This energy dynamic is crucial for understanding the physical and chemical changes in regolith-hosted clay particles at a constant temperature of 50 °C, as explored in our study. Further research is needed to examine the effects of low-to-medium RPM and low temperatures (50 °C), specifically tailored to the mineralogy and structural changes (e.g., halloysite amorphization) of the samples, in order to optimize leaching efficiency—impacted by these changes—despite the observed variations in the recovery of regolith-based clay REEs in both liberated and unliberated forms across samples. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-70e558855aa64a6fb72e83cdfde71d0f |
| institution | Matheson Library |
| issn | 2238-7854 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-07-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Materials Research and Technology |
| spelling | doaj-art-70e558855aa64a6fb72e83cdfde71d0f2025-06-28T05:30:16ZengElsevierJournal of Materials Research and Technology2238-78542025-07-013723382351The regolith-hosted clay REEs leaching effects by mechanical grinding and at low temperature: An analogy on treatment methodHassan Nasir Mangi0Liqiang Ma1Ru'an Chi2Chenghao Wu3Zhenyue Zhang4Yan DeTian5Lara Sindhu6Khalid Thebo7Umar Ashraf8School of Mines, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221116, China; School of XingFa Mining Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China; Corresponding author. School of Mines, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221116, China.Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Coal Resources Green Mining (Xinjiang Institute of Engineering), Ministry of Education, Urumqi, 830023, China; Corresponding author.School of XingFa Mining Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, 430074, ChinaSchool of XingFa Mining Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, 430074, ChinaSchool of XingFa Mining Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, 430074, ChinaKey Laboratory of Tectonics and Petroleum Resources of Ministry of Education, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, ChinaInstitute of Plant Protection, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100, ChinaMirpur University of Science and Technology, PakistanInstitute of International Rivers and Eco-Security, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, ChinaThe leaching effects of regolith-hosted clay particles under mechanical grinding at low temperatures have not been well studied. This study primarily aims to understand how grinding induces intensive pressure, stress, and abrasion on clay particles. Consequently, this may either increase or decrease the surface area and either release or block rare earth elements (REEs ions) embedded in the clay minerals. The adoption of grinding and low-temperature methods applied to different clay horizon samples affects the leaching and adsorption behavior of the particles. This comparative study also provides insight into the intrinsic properties of REEs across different horizons of regolith-hosted clay. High grinding processes can damage the original pore geometry while creating a new pore network in plastic materials like phyllosilicate minerals. XRD-based hidden peaks deconvolution analysis reveals hidden peaks related to the crystallization behavior of halloysite (Al2Si2O5(OH)4). Low temperature suggests that the behavior of ions in micropores influences their fractionation and diffusion processes more effectively than in larger pore spaces. The endogenic gaseous activated energy states refer to the energy of gas molecules, such as water vapor or ammonia, present within the micropores of clay particles during leaching at 50 °C. These gases are energized by heat and grinding, reaching higher energy levels that drive endothermic reactions, facilitating the release of rare earth elements (REEs) through NH4+ ion exchange in both open and closed pore networks. This energy dynamic is crucial for understanding the physical and chemical changes in regolith-hosted clay particles at a constant temperature of 50 °C, as explored in our study. Further research is needed to examine the effects of low-to-medium RPM and low temperatures (50 °C), specifically tailored to the mineralogy and structural changes (e.g., halloysite amorphization) of the samples, in order to optimize leaching efficiency—impacted by these changes—despite the observed variations in the recovery of regolith-based clay REEs in both liberated and unliberated forms across samples.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2238785425014851Rare earth elementsRegolith-hosted clayGrinded and ungrinded particlesParticle ionization mechanismHidden peaks |
| spellingShingle | Hassan Nasir Mangi Liqiang Ma Ru'an Chi Chenghao Wu Zhenyue Zhang Yan DeTian Lara Sindhu Khalid Thebo Umar Ashraf The regolith-hosted clay REEs leaching effects by mechanical grinding and at low temperature: An analogy on treatment method Journal of Materials Research and Technology Rare earth elements Regolith-hosted clay Grinded and ungrinded particles Particle ionization mechanism Hidden peaks |
| title | The regolith-hosted clay REEs leaching effects by mechanical grinding and at low temperature: An analogy on treatment method |
| title_full | The regolith-hosted clay REEs leaching effects by mechanical grinding and at low temperature: An analogy on treatment method |
| title_fullStr | The regolith-hosted clay REEs leaching effects by mechanical grinding and at low temperature: An analogy on treatment method |
| title_full_unstemmed | The regolith-hosted clay REEs leaching effects by mechanical grinding and at low temperature: An analogy on treatment method |
| title_short | The regolith-hosted clay REEs leaching effects by mechanical grinding and at low temperature: An analogy on treatment method |
| title_sort | regolith hosted clay rees leaching effects by mechanical grinding and at low temperature an analogy on treatment method |
| topic | Rare earth elements Regolith-hosted clay Grinded and ungrinded particles Particle ionization mechanism Hidden peaks |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2238785425014851 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT hassannasirmangi theregolithhostedclayreesleachingeffectsbymechanicalgrindingandatlowtemperatureananalogyontreatmentmethod AT liqiangma theregolithhostedclayreesleachingeffectsbymechanicalgrindingandatlowtemperatureananalogyontreatmentmethod AT ruanchi theregolithhostedclayreesleachingeffectsbymechanicalgrindingandatlowtemperatureananalogyontreatmentmethod AT chenghaowu theregolithhostedclayreesleachingeffectsbymechanicalgrindingandatlowtemperatureananalogyontreatmentmethod AT zhenyuezhang theregolithhostedclayreesleachingeffectsbymechanicalgrindingandatlowtemperatureananalogyontreatmentmethod AT yandetian theregolithhostedclayreesleachingeffectsbymechanicalgrindingandatlowtemperatureananalogyontreatmentmethod AT larasindhu theregolithhostedclayreesleachingeffectsbymechanicalgrindingandatlowtemperatureananalogyontreatmentmethod AT khalidthebo theregolithhostedclayreesleachingeffectsbymechanicalgrindingandatlowtemperatureananalogyontreatmentmethod AT umarashraf theregolithhostedclayreesleachingeffectsbymechanicalgrindingandatlowtemperatureananalogyontreatmentmethod AT hassannasirmangi regolithhostedclayreesleachingeffectsbymechanicalgrindingandatlowtemperatureananalogyontreatmentmethod AT liqiangma regolithhostedclayreesleachingeffectsbymechanicalgrindingandatlowtemperatureananalogyontreatmentmethod AT ruanchi regolithhostedclayreesleachingeffectsbymechanicalgrindingandatlowtemperatureananalogyontreatmentmethod AT chenghaowu regolithhostedclayreesleachingeffectsbymechanicalgrindingandatlowtemperatureananalogyontreatmentmethod AT zhenyuezhang regolithhostedclayreesleachingeffectsbymechanicalgrindingandatlowtemperatureananalogyontreatmentmethod AT yandetian regolithhostedclayreesleachingeffectsbymechanicalgrindingandatlowtemperatureananalogyontreatmentmethod AT larasindhu regolithhostedclayreesleachingeffectsbymechanicalgrindingandatlowtemperatureananalogyontreatmentmethod AT khalidthebo regolithhostedclayreesleachingeffectsbymechanicalgrindingandatlowtemperatureananalogyontreatmentmethod AT umarashraf regolithhostedclayreesleachingeffectsbymechanicalgrindingandatlowtemperatureananalogyontreatmentmethod |