Production of single-cell protein by Candida Utilis and Komagataella Pastoris from enzymatically hydrolyzed defatted soybean meal
Defatted soybean meal (D-SBM), a byproduct of soybean oil production, offers high protein content but is limited in its effectiveness as feed to non-ruminant animals due to its indigestible carbohydrate fractions. This study investigates the performance of enzymatic hydrolysis of D-SBM to convert it...
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Elsevier
2025-08-01
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| Series: | Journal of Agriculture and Food Research |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666154325004399 |
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| author | Rafi Anowar Ana Rita C. Morais |
| author_facet | Rafi Anowar Ana Rita C. Morais |
| author_sort | Rafi Anowar |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Defatted soybean meal (D-SBM), a byproduct of soybean oil production, offers high protein content but is limited in its effectiveness as feed to non-ruminant animals due to its indigestible carbohydrate fractions. This study investigates the performance of enzymatic hydrolysis of D-SBM to convert its carbohydrates into monomeric sugars, followed by their utilization as a carbon source to produce single-cell protein (SCP) using Candida utilis and Komagataella pastoris. Optimized enzymatic hydrolysis with 22 mg protein·g−1 D-SBM of total enzyme loading achieved a total monomeric sugar yield of 33.0 ± 1.6 %. Cell propagation experiments demonstrated that K. pastoris and C. utilis utilized enzymatic hydrolysis-derived hexoses, namely glucose, as carbon sources. Both yeasts reached maximum growth rates between 2 and 8 h of cultivation, reaching maximum specific growth rates of 0.268 h−1 and 0.177 h−1, respectively. Single cell production was efficient, with yields of approximately 1.3 g protein·g−1 of monomeric sugar consumed, resulting in SCP contents of approximately 41 % from both yeasts. Amino acid analysis revealed a significant improvement in lysine and methionine levels of 67 % and 52 %, respectively, in crude protein from K. pastoris relative to D-SBM.This study highlights the potential of D-SBM as a sustainable feedstock for SCP production, providing an innovative approach to repurpose agricultural feedstocks into nutritionally higher quality protein. This transformation can potentially contribute to the development of cost-effective and environmentally friendly alternatives to conventional animal protein sources. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-7079e3a7b98844d9a96db0aa79f14d19 |
| institution | Matheson Library |
| issn | 2666-1543 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-08-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
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| series | Journal of Agriculture and Food Research |
| spelling | doaj-art-7079e3a7b98844d9a96db0aa79f14d192025-07-26T05:24:14ZengElsevierJournal of Agriculture and Food Research2666-15432025-08-0122102068Production of single-cell protein by Candida Utilis and Komagataella Pastoris from enzymatically hydrolyzed defatted soybean mealRafi Anowar0Ana Rita C. Morais1Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, 66045, United States; Wonderful Institute for Sustainable Engineering, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, 66045, United StatesDepartment of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, 66045, United States; Wonderful Institute for Sustainable Engineering, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, 66045, United States; Corresponding author. Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, 66045, United StatesDefatted soybean meal (D-SBM), a byproduct of soybean oil production, offers high protein content but is limited in its effectiveness as feed to non-ruminant animals due to its indigestible carbohydrate fractions. This study investigates the performance of enzymatic hydrolysis of D-SBM to convert its carbohydrates into monomeric sugars, followed by their utilization as a carbon source to produce single-cell protein (SCP) using Candida utilis and Komagataella pastoris. Optimized enzymatic hydrolysis with 22 mg protein·g−1 D-SBM of total enzyme loading achieved a total monomeric sugar yield of 33.0 ± 1.6 %. Cell propagation experiments demonstrated that K. pastoris and C. utilis utilized enzymatic hydrolysis-derived hexoses, namely glucose, as carbon sources. Both yeasts reached maximum growth rates between 2 and 8 h of cultivation, reaching maximum specific growth rates of 0.268 h−1 and 0.177 h−1, respectively. Single cell production was efficient, with yields of approximately 1.3 g protein·g−1 of monomeric sugar consumed, resulting in SCP contents of approximately 41 % from both yeasts. Amino acid analysis revealed a significant improvement in lysine and methionine levels of 67 % and 52 %, respectively, in crude protein from K. pastoris relative to D-SBM.This study highlights the potential of D-SBM as a sustainable feedstock for SCP production, providing an innovative approach to repurpose agricultural feedstocks into nutritionally higher quality protein. This transformation can potentially contribute to the development of cost-effective and environmentally friendly alternatives to conventional animal protein sources.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666154325004399 |
| spellingShingle | Rafi Anowar Ana Rita C. Morais Production of single-cell protein by Candida Utilis and Komagataella Pastoris from enzymatically hydrolyzed defatted soybean meal Journal of Agriculture and Food Research |
| title | Production of single-cell protein by Candida Utilis and Komagataella Pastoris from enzymatically hydrolyzed defatted soybean meal |
| title_full | Production of single-cell protein by Candida Utilis and Komagataella Pastoris from enzymatically hydrolyzed defatted soybean meal |
| title_fullStr | Production of single-cell protein by Candida Utilis and Komagataella Pastoris from enzymatically hydrolyzed defatted soybean meal |
| title_full_unstemmed | Production of single-cell protein by Candida Utilis and Komagataella Pastoris from enzymatically hydrolyzed defatted soybean meal |
| title_short | Production of single-cell protein by Candida Utilis and Komagataella Pastoris from enzymatically hydrolyzed defatted soybean meal |
| title_sort | production of single cell protein by candida utilis and komagataella pastoris from enzymatically hydrolyzed defatted soybean meal |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666154325004399 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT rafianowar productionofsinglecellproteinbycandidautilisandkomagataellapastorisfromenzymaticallyhydrolyzeddefattedsoybeanmeal AT anaritacmorais productionofsinglecellproteinbycandidautilisandkomagataellapastorisfromenzymaticallyhydrolyzeddefattedsoybeanmeal |