Hydraulic Performance and Mitigation of Biofouling in Drippers Applying Aquaculture Effluent with Anti-Clogging Fertilizer
Water scarcity in Brazil’s semi-arid region necessitates the agricultural reuse of aquaculture effluents, although emitter clogging remains a challenge. This study evaluated clogging mitigation in drip irrigation systems using liquid anti-clogging fertilizer. The experiment employed a split–split–pl...
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MDPI AG
2025-06-01
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| Series: | AgriEngineering |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2624-7402/7/6/189 |
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| author | Layla Bruna Lopes Reges Rafael Oliveira Batista Lidianne Leal Rocha Gustavo Lopes Muniz Laio Ariel Leite de Paiva Francisco Éder Rodrigues de Oliveira José Francismar de Medeiros Antônio Gustavo de Luna Souto Luiz Fernando de Sousa Antunes Eulene Francisco da Silva Norlan Leonel Ramos Cruz Luara Patrícia Lopes Morais |
| author_facet | Layla Bruna Lopes Reges Rafael Oliveira Batista Lidianne Leal Rocha Gustavo Lopes Muniz Laio Ariel Leite de Paiva Francisco Éder Rodrigues de Oliveira José Francismar de Medeiros Antônio Gustavo de Luna Souto Luiz Fernando de Sousa Antunes Eulene Francisco da Silva Norlan Leonel Ramos Cruz Luara Patrícia Lopes Morais |
| author_sort | Layla Bruna Lopes Reges |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Water scarcity in Brazil’s semi-arid region necessitates the agricultural reuse of aquaculture effluents, although emitter clogging remains a challenge. This study evaluated clogging mitigation in drip irrigation systems using liquid anti-clogging fertilizer. The experiment employed a split–split–plot scheme with three water treatments (supply water, aquaculture effluent, and effluent with liquid fertilizer) and three emitter types (ST, SL, and GA), assessing performance over 360 h. A water quality analysis at 0, 160, and 360 h complemented hydraulic evaluations of the average flow rate variation and Christiansen uniformity coefficient measured every 40 h. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray diffractometry, and scanning electron microscopy were used to characterize biofouling. The results showed that the liquid fertilizer mitigated the clogging by biofouling in the three types of emitters, but only the ST emitter presented acceptable hydraulic performance rates. There are relationships between the anti-clogging effect of the liquid fertilizer, the structural characteristics of the emitters, and the flow velocity inside the labyrinths. The SL dripper applying only aquaculture effluent presented the highest clogging rate due to biofouling. Agricultural reuse is a strategy for the rational use of water resources that is of great relevance for arid and semi-arid regions and can insert aquaculture into the circular economy. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-6e8a028b745e43a2a33a14ab3669f259 |
| institution | Matheson Library |
| issn | 2624-7402 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | AgriEngineering |
| spelling | doaj-art-6e8a028b745e43a2a33a14ab3669f2592025-06-25T13:19:59ZengMDPI AGAgriEngineering2624-74022025-06-017618910.3390/agriengineering7060189Hydraulic Performance and Mitigation of Biofouling in Drippers Applying Aquaculture Effluent with Anti-Clogging FertilizerLayla Bruna Lopes Reges0Rafael Oliveira Batista1Lidianne Leal Rocha2Gustavo Lopes Muniz3Laio Ariel Leite de Paiva4Francisco Éder Rodrigues de Oliveira5José Francismar de Medeiros6Antônio Gustavo de Luna Souto7Luiz Fernando de Sousa Antunes8Eulene Francisco da Silva9Norlan Leonel Ramos Cruz10Luara Patrícia Lopes Morais11Department of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Federal Rural University of Semi-Arid, Mossoró 59625-900, BrazilDepartment of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Federal Rural University of Semi-Arid, Mossoró 59625-900, BrazilDepartment of Biosciences, Federal Rural University of Semi-Arid, Mossoró 59625-900, BrazilHydraulics and Irrigation Laboratory, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering, State University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-875, BrazilDepartment of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Federal Rural University of Semi-Arid, Mossoró 59625-900, BrazilDepartment of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Federal Rural University of Semi-Arid, Mossoró 59625-900, BrazilDepartment of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Federal Rural University of Semi-Arid, Mossoró 59625-900, BrazilDepartment of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Federal Rural University of Semi-Arid, Mossoró 59625-900, BrazilDepartment of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Federal Rural University of Semi-Arid, Mossoró 59625-900, BrazilDepartment of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Federal Rural University of Semi-Arid, Mossoró 59625-900, BrazilDepartment of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Federal Rural University of Semi-Arid, Mossoró 59625-900, BrazilDepartment of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Federal Rural University of Semi-Arid, Mossoró 59625-900, BrazilWater scarcity in Brazil’s semi-arid region necessitates the agricultural reuse of aquaculture effluents, although emitter clogging remains a challenge. This study evaluated clogging mitigation in drip irrigation systems using liquid anti-clogging fertilizer. The experiment employed a split–split–plot scheme with three water treatments (supply water, aquaculture effluent, and effluent with liquid fertilizer) and three emitter types (ST, SL, and GA), assessing performance over 360 h. A water quality analysis at 0, 160, and 360 h complemented hydraulic evaluations of the average flow rate variation and Christiansen uniformity coefficient measured every 40 h. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray diffractometry, and scanning electron microscopy were used to characterize biofouling. The results showed that the liquid fertilizer mitigated the clogging by biofouling in the three types of emitters, but only the ST emitter presented acceptable hydraulic performance rates. There are relationships between the anti-clogging effect of the liquid fertilizer, the structural characteristics of the emitters, and the flow velocity inside the labyrinths. The SL dripper applying only aquaculture effluent presented the highest clogging rate due to biofouling. Agricultural reuse is a strategy for the rational use of water resources that is of great relevance for arid and semi-arid regions and can insert aquaculture into the circular economy.https://www.mdpi.com/2624-7402/7/6/189wastewateremittersanti-biofoulingobstructionsemi-arid |
| spellingShingle | Layla Bruna Lopes Reges Rafael Oliveira Batista Lidianne Leal Rocha Gustavo Lopes Muniz Laio Ariel Leite de Paiva Francisco Éder Rodrigues de Oliveira José Francismar de Medeiros Antônio Gustavo de Luna Souto Luiz Fernando de Sousa Antunes Eulene Francisco da Silva Norlan Leonel Ramos Cruz Luara Patrícia Lopes Morais Hydraulic Performance and Mitigation of Biofouling in Drippers Applying Aquaculture Effluent with Anti-Clogging Fertilizer AgriEngineering wastewater emitters anti-biofouling obstruction semi-arid |
| title | Hydraulic Performance and Mitigation of Biofouling in Drippers Applying Aquaculture Effluent with Anti-Clogging Fertilizer |
| title_full | Hydraulic Performance and Mitigation of Biofouling in Drippers Applying Aquaculture Effluent with Anti-Clogging Fertilizer |
| title_fullStr | Hydraulic Performance and Mitigation of Biofouling in Drippers Applying Aquaculture Effluent with Anti-Clogging Fertilizer |
| title_full_unstemmed | Hydraulic Performance and Mitigation of Biofouling in Drippers Applying Aquaculture Effluent with Anti-Clogging Fertilizer |
| title_short | Hydraulic Performance and Mitigation of Biofouling in Drippers Applying Aquaculture Effluent with Anti-Clogging Fertilizer |
| title_sort | hydraulic performance and mitigation of biofouling in drippers applying aquaculture effluent with anti clogging fertilizer |
| topic | wastewater emitters anti-biofouling obstruction semi-arid |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2624-7402/7/6/189 |
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