Association between urinary heavy metals and cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome: mediating roles of TyG, WWI, and eGFR

Association between urinary heavy metals and cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome: mediating roles of TyG, WWI, and eGFR

BackgroundCardiovascular-kidney-metabolic (CKM) syndrome is a multistage disorder with significant global health and socioeconomic impact. Environmental factors are increasingly recognized as key risk factors in disease development. This study aims to assess the relationship between urinary heavy me...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Jianping Liu, Yuanying Song, Rong Luo, Sufang Wang, Pinglei Pan, Lijian Han
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-06-01
Series:Frontiers in Nutrition
Subjects:
heavy metals
cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome
mediation analysis
NHANES
Bayesian kernel machine regression
Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2025.1613721/full
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