Robotic-Assisted XRF Testing System for In-Situ Areal Density Measurement of Light-Sensitive Explosive Coatings
The light-sensitive explosive (silver acetylide–silver nitrate, SASN) sprayed on structural surfaces can be synchronously initiated by intense pulsed flash, thereby simulating cold X-ray blow-off events characterized by thermal–mechanical coupling effects. By adjusting the areal density of SASN coat...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2025-06-01
|
| Series: | Sensors |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/12/3581 |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1839652720007446528 |
|---|---|
| author | Chang Xu Haibin Xu Ke Wu Bo Chen Pengju Dong Yaguang Sui Hai Chen |
| author_facet | Chang Xu Haibin Xu Ke Wu Bo Chen Pengju Dong Yaguang Sui Hai Chen |
| author_sort | Chang Xu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The light-sensitive explosive (silver acetylide–silver nitrate, SASN) sprayed on structural surfaces can be synchronously initiated by intense pulsed flash, thereby simulating cold X-ray blow-off events characterized by thermal–mechanical coupling effects. By adjusting the areal density of SASN coatings, proportional blow-off impulse levels can be achieved. To address the challenge of in situ and non-destructive areal density measurement for SASN coatings, this study developed an X-ray fluorescence (XRF) detection system integrated with a six-axis spray robot. Excitation parameters (50 kV, 20 μA) and geometric configuration (6 cm focal distance) were optimized to establish a quadratic calibration model between Ag K<sub>α</sub> counts and areal density (0–80 mg/cm<sup>2</sup>) with high correlation (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.9987). Validation experiments were conducted on a uniformly coated SASN plate (20 × 20 cm) to evaluate the consistency between XRF and sampling methods. The XRF-measured areal density averaged 12.722 mg/cm<sup>2</sup> with a coefficient of variation (CV) of 3.19%. The reference value obtained by the sampling method was 12.718 mg/cm<sup>2</sup> (CV = 1.57%). The relative deviation between the two methods was only 0.03%, confirming the feasibility of XRF for the quantification of SASN coatings. The XRF system completed measurements in 1 h, achieving a 77.8% time reduction compared to conventional sampling (4.5 h), significantly enhancing efficiency. This work provides a reliable solution for in situ and non-destructive quality control of energetic material coatings. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-6ac5f3ab9fdb4599b64fe2bc1c95fb2f |
| institution | Matheson Library |
| issn | 1424-8220 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Sensors |
| spelling | doaj-art-6ac5f3ab9fdb4599b64fe2bc1c95fb2f2025-06-25T14:25:08ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202025-06-012512358110.3390/s25123581Robotic-Assisted XRF Testing System for In-Situ Areal Density Measurement of Light-Sensitive Explosive CoatingsChang Xu0Haibin Xu1Ke Wu2Bo Chen3Pengju Dong4Yaguang Sui5Hai Chen6National Key Laboratory of Intense Pulsed Radiation Simulation and Effect, Northwest Institute of Nuclear Technology, Xi’an 710034, ChinaNational Key Laboratory of Intense Pulsed Radiation Simulation and Effect, Northwest Institute of Nuclear Technology, Xi’an 710034, ChinaNational Key Laboratory of Intense Pulsed Radiation Simulation and Effect, Northwest Institute of Nuclear Technology, Xi’an 710034, ChinaNational Key Laboratory of Intense Pulsed Radiation Simulation and Effect, Northwest Institute of Nuclear Technology, Xi’an 710034, ChinaNational Key Laboratory of Intense Pulsed Radiation Simulation and Effect, Northwest Institute of Nuclear Technology, Xi’an 710034, ChinaNational Key Laboratory of Intense Pulsed Radiation Simulation and Effect, Northwest Institute of Nuclear Technology, Xi’an 710034, ChinaDepartment of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, ChinaThe light-sensitive explosive (silver acetylide–silver nitrate, SASN) sprayed on structural surfaces can be synchronously initiated by intense pulsed flash, thereby simulating cold X-ray blow-off events characterized by thermal–mechanical coupling effects. By adjusting the areal density of SASN coatings, proportional blow-off impulse levels can be achieved. To address the challenge of in situ and non-destructive areal density measurement for SASN coatings, this study developed an X-ray fluorescence (XRF) detection system integrated with a six-axis spray robot. Excitation parameters (50 kV, 20 μA) and geometric configuration (6 cm focal distance) were optimized to establish a quadratic calibration model between Ag K<sub>α</sub> counts and areal density (0–80 mg/cm<sup>2</sup>) with high correlation (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.9987). Validation experiments were conducted on a uniformly coated SASN plate (20 × 20 cm) to evaluate the consistency between XRF and sampling methods. The XRF-measured areal density averaged 12.722 mg/cm<sup>2</sup> with a coefficient of variation (CV) of 3.19%. The reference value obtained by the sampling method was 12.718 mg/cm<sup>2</sup> (CV = 1.57%). The relative deviation between the two methods was only 0.03%, confirming the feasibility of XRF for the quantification of SASN coatings. The XRF system completed measurements in 1 h, achieving a 77.8% time reduction compared to conventional sampling (4.5 h), significantly enhancing efficiency. This work provides a reliable solution for in situ and non-destructive quality control of energetic material coatings.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/12/3581light-sensitive explosiveareal densityXRFin situ measurement |
| spellingShingle | Chang Xu Haibin Xu Ke Wu Bo Chen Pengju Dong Yaguang Sui Hai Chen Robotic-Assisted XRF Testing System for In-Situ Areal Density Measurement of Light-Sensitive Explosive Coatings Sensors light-sensitive explosive areal density XRF in situ measurement |
| title | Robotic-Assisted XRF Testing System for In-Situ Areal Density Measurement of Light-Sensitive Explosive Coatings |
| title_full | Robotic-Assisted XRF Testing System for In-Situ Areal Density Measurement of Light-Sensitive Explosive Coatings |
| title_fullStr | Robotic-Assisted XRF Testing System for In-Situ Areal Density Measurement of Light-Sensitive Explosive Coatings |
| title_full_unstemmed | Robotic-Assisted XRF Testing System for In-Situ Areal Density Measurement of Light-Sensitive Explosive Coatings |
| title_short | Robotic-Assisted XRF Testing System for In-Situ Areal Density Measurement of Light-Sensitive Explosive Coatings |
| title_sort | robotic assisted xrf testing system for in situ areal density measurement of light sensitive explosive coatings |
| topic | light-sensitive explosive areal density XRF in situ measurement |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/12/3581 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT changxu roboticassistedxrftestingsystemforinsituarealdensitymeasurementoflightsensitiveexplosivecoatings AT haibinxu roboticassistedxrftestingsystemforinsituarealdensitymeasurementoflightsensitiveexplosivecoatings AT kewu roboticassistedxrftestingsystemforinsituarealdensitymeasurementoflightsensitiveexplosivecoatings AT bochen roboticassistedxrftestingsystemforinsituarealdensitymeasurementoflightsensitiveexplosivecoatings AT pengjudong roboticassistedxrftestingsystemforinsituarealdensitymeasurementoflightsensitiveexplosivecoatings AT yaguangsui roboticassistedxrftestingsystemforinsituarealdensitymeasurementoflightsensitiveexplosivecoatings AT haichen roboticassistedxrftestingsystemforinsituarealdensitymeasurementoflightsensitiveexplosivecoatings |