The Design and Development of a Low-Cost and Environmentally Friendly Voltage Divider for On-Site High-Voltage Calibration up to 850 kV
This paper presents the design, development, and characterization of a low-cost and environmentally friendly high-voltage divider optimized for on-site calibration up to 850 kV. Unlike traditional dividers that rely on oil or SF<sub>6</sub> for insulation, both of which pose environmenta...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2025-06-01
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| Series: | Sensors |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/13/3964 |
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| author | Mohamed Agazar Hanane Saadeddine Kamel Dougdag Mohamed Ouameur Massinissa Azzoug |
| author_facet | Mohamed Agazar Hanane Saadeddine Kamel Dougdag Mohamed Ouameur Massinissa Azzoug |
| author_sort | Mohamed Agazar |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This paper presents the design, development, and characterization of a low-cost and environmentally friendly high-voltage divider optimized for on-site calibration up to 850 kV. Unlike traditional dividers that rely on oil or SF<sub>6</sub> for insulation, both of which pose environmental risk and regulation issues, the proposed system uses modular construction with commercial off-the-shelf components and natural air insulation, minimizing environmental impact and facilitating transport, calibration, and maintenance. Despite using air insulation, the divider demonstrates excellent uncertainty performance. Characterization results show frequency linearity better than 0.2% up to 100 kHz and a bandwidth exceeding 10 MHz, making it suitable for the measurement of a wide range of voltage types. Static and dynamic performance evaluations confirm reliable scale factor stability and low measurement uncertainty: 0.01% for DC (550 kV), 0.3% for AC (405 kV), and 0.7% for impulses such as 1.2/50 µs (850 kV). The system offers a practical and sustainable solution for high-voltage measurements, meeting growing industrial and European environmental demands. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-67f45b711f624e94b9165f9e7a3da1b2 |
| institution | Matheson Library |
| issn | 1424-8220 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Sensors |
| spelling | doaj-art-67f45b711f624e94b9165f9e7a3da1b22025-07-11T14:43:02ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202025-06-012513396410.3390/s25133964The Design and Development of a Low-Cost and Environmentally Friendly Voltage Divider for On-Site High-Voltage Calibration up to 850 kVMohamed Agazar0Hanane Saadeddine1Kamel Dougdag2Mohamed Ouameur3Massinissa Azzoug4LNE (Laboratoire National de Métrologie et d’Essais), 1 Rue Gaston Boissier, 75015 Paris, FranceLNE (Laboratoire National de Métrologie et d’Essais), 1 Rue Gaston Boissier, 75015 Paris, FranceLNE (Laboratoire National de Métrologie et d’Essais), 1 Rue Gaston Boissier, 75015 Paris, FranceLNE (Laboratoire National de Métrologie et d’Essais), 1 Rue Gaston Boissier, 75015 Paris, FranceLNE (Laboratoire National de Métrologie et d’Essais), 1 Rue Gaston Boissier, 75015 Paris, FranceThis paper presents the design, development, and characterization of a low-cost and environmentally friendly high-voltage divider optimized for on-site calibration up to 850 kV. Unlike traditional dividers that rely on oil or SF<sub>6</sub> for insulation, both of which pose environmental risk and regulation issues, the proposed system uses modular construction with commercial off-the-shelf components and natural air insulation, minimizing environmental impact and facilitating transport, calibration, and maintenance. Despite using air insulation, the divider demonstrates excellent uncertainty performance. Characterization results show frequency linearity better than 0.2% up to 100 kHz and a bandwidth exceeding 10 MHz, making it suitable for the measurement of a wide range of voltage types. Static and dynamic performance evaluations confirm reliable scale factor stability and low measurement uncertainty: 0.01% for DC (550 kV), 0.3% for AC (405 kV), and 0.7% for impulses such as 1.2/50 µs (850 kV). The system offers a practical and sustainable solution for high-voltage measurements, meeting growing industrial and European environmental demands.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/13/3964high-voltage calibrationvoltage dividermodular divideron-site measurementsimpulsesdirect current |
| spellingShingle | Mohamed Agazar Hanane Saadeddine Kamel Dougdag Mohamed Ouameur Massinissa Azzoug The Design and Development of a Low-Cost and Environmentally Friendly Voltage Divider for On-Site High-Voltage Calibration up to 850 kV Sensors high-voltage calibration voltage divider modular divider on-site measurements impulses direct current |
| title | The Design and Development of a Low-Cost and Environmentally Friendly Voltage Divider for On-Site High-Voltage Calibration up to 850 kV |
| title_full | The Design and Development of a Low-Cost and Environmentally Friendly Voltage Divider for On-Site High-Voltage Calibration up to 850 kV |
| title_fullStr | The Design and Development of a Low-Cost and Environmentally Friendly Voltage Divider for On-Site High-Voltage Calibration up to 850 kV |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Design and Development of a Low-Cost and Environmentally Friendly Voltage Divider for On-Site High-Voltage Calibration up to 850 kV |
| title_short | The Design and Development of a Low-Cost and Environmentally Friendly Voltage Divider for On-Site High-Voltage Calibration up to 850 kV |
| title_sort | design and development of a low cost and environmentally friendly voltage divider for on site high voltage calibration up to 850 kv |
| topic | high-voltage calibration voltage divider modular divider on-site measurements impulses direct current |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/13/3964 |
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