Efficient Removal of Micro-Sized Degradable PHBV Microplastics from Wastewater by a Functionalized Magnetic Nano Iron Oxides-Biochar Composite: Performance, Mechanisms, and Material Regeneration
The co-occurrence of the synthesis of a functionalized magnetic nano iron oxides–biochar composite (MFe@BC) via impregnation–thermal pyrolysis and its use to remove micro-sized poly (3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) microplastics from simulated wastewater was demonstrated in this study...
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2025-06-01
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| author | Huaguo Xia Nini Duan Beisi Song Yuan Li Hongbin Xu Ying Geng Xin Wang |
| author_facet | Huaguo Xia Nini Duan Beisi Song Yuan Li Hongbin Xu Ying Geng Xin Wang |
| author_sort | Huaguo Xia |
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| description | The co-occurrence of the synthesis of a functionalized magnetic nano iron oxides–biochar composite (MFe@BC) via impregnation–thermal pyrolysis and its use to remove micro-sized poly (3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) microplastics from simulated wastewater was demonstrated in this study. The results showed that PHBV removal efficiency correlated positively with MFe@BC dosage, achieving an adsorption capacity of 13.14 mg/g and a removal efficiency of 98.53% at an optimal dosage of 1.5 g/L. Adsorption kinetics fit a pseudo-second-order model (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.9999), and the isotherm followed the Langmuir model (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.8440), yielding a theoretical maximum capacity of 31.96 mg/g. Characterization indicated chemisorption-driven monolayer adsorption via surface complexation and hydrogen bonding. Magnetic nano-iron transfer from MFe@BC to the PHBV surface imparted magnetic properties to PHBV, enabling synergistic adsorption and magnetic separation. Removal efficiency remained above 95% across pH 4–9 and COD 0–500 mg/L. Regeneration experiments indicated that the MFe@BC showed robust reusability, maintaining >92% PHBV removal efficiency after four adsorption–regeneration cycles. The results of this study may provide a feasible pathway for PHBV microplastic removal from secondary effluent, indicating that MFe@BC prepared in this study can be used for the removal of PHBV microplastics in a wide range of water bodies. |
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| spelling | doaj-art-670d7d8c2c6049f8a32b4e7e1d0672df2025-06-25T14:14:30ZengMDPI AGNanomaterials2079-49912025-06-01151291510.3390/nano15120915Efficient Removal of Micro-Sized Degradable PHBV Microplastics from Wastewater by a Functionalized Magnetic Nano Iron Oxides-Biochar Composite: Performance, Mechanisms, and Material RegenerationHuaguo Xia0Nini Duan1Beisi Song2Yuan Li3Hongbin Xu4Ying Geng5Xin Wang6School of Ecology and Environment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, ChinaSchool of Ecology and Environment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, ChinaSchool of Ecology and Environment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, ChinaSchool of Ecology and Environment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, ChinaSchool of Ecology and Environment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, ChinaSchool of Ecology and Environment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, ChinaResearch Institute of Frontier Science, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, ChinaThe co-occurrence of the synthesis of a functionalized magnetic nano iron oxides–biochar composite (MFe@BC) via impregnation–thermal pyrolysis and its use to remove micro-sized poly (3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) microplastics from simulated wastewater was demonstrated in this study. The results showed that PHBV removal efficiency correlated positively with MFe@BC dosage, achieving an adsorption capacity of 13.14 mg/g and a removal efficiency of 98.53% at an optimal dosage of 1.5 g/L. Adsorption kinetics fit a pseudo-second-order model (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.9999), and the isotherm followed the Langmuir model (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.8440), yielding a theoretical maximum capacity of 31.96 mg/g. Characterization indicated chemisorption-driven monolayer adsorption via surface complexation and hydrogen bonding. Magnetic nano-iron transfer from MFe@BC to the PHBV surface imparted magnetic properties to PHBV, enabling synergistic adsorption and magnetic separation. Removal efficiency remained above 95% across pH 4–9 and COD 0–500 mg/L. Regeneration experiments indicated that the MFe@BC showed robust reusability, maintaining >92% PHBV removal efficiency after four adsorption–regeneration cycles. The results of this study may provide a feasible pathway for PHBV microplastic removal from secondary effluent, indicating that MFe@BC prepared in this study can be used for the removal of PHBV microplastics in a wide range of water bodies.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/15/12/915magnetic biocharPoly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate)degradable microplasticsadsorptionmagnetic separation |
| spellingShingle | Huaguo Xia Nini Duan Beisi Song Yuan Li Hongbin Xu Ying Geng Xin Wang Efficient Removal of Micro-Sized Degradable PHBV Microplastics from Wastewater by a Functionalized Magnetic Nano Iron Oxides-Biochar Composite: Performance, Mechanisms, and Material Regeneration Nanomaterials magnetic biochar Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) degradable microplastics adsorption magnetic separation |
| title | Efficient Removal of Micro-Sized Degradable PHBV Microplastics from Wastewater by a Functionalized Magnetic Nano Iron Oxides-Biochar Composite: Performance, Mechanisms, and Material Regeneration |
| title_full | Efficient Removal of Micro-Sized Degradable PHBV Microplastics from Wastewater by a Functionalized Magnetic Nano Iron Oxides-Biochar Composite: Performance, Mechanisms, and Material Regeneration |
| title_fullStr | Efficient Removal of Micro-Sized Degradable PHBV Microplastics from Wastewater by a Functionalized Magnetic Nano Iron Oxides-Biochar Composite: Performance, Mechanisms, and Material Regeneration |
| title_full_unstemmed | Efficient Removal of Micro-Sized Degradable PHBV Microplastics from Wastewater by a Functionalized Magnetic Nano Iron Oxides-Biochar Composite: Performance, Mechanisms, and Material Regeneration |
| title_short | Efficient Removal of Micro-Sized Degradable PHBV Microplastics from Wastewater by a Functionalized Magnetic Nano Iron Oxides-Biochar Composite: Performance, Mechanisms, and Material Regeneration |
| title_sort | efficient removal of micro sized degradable phbv microplastics from wastewater by a functionalized magnetic nano iron oxides biochar composite performance mechanisms and material regeneration |
| topic | magnetic biochar Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) degradable microplastics adsorption magnetic separation |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/15/12/915 |
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