Targeting the Risk of Diptera-Borne Zoonoses by a Sentinel Equestrian Centers Program
Diptera-borne diseases pose a major threat to global health, and their distribution is constantly changing due to climate change, globalization, and environmental changes. To improve the knowledge of dipteran species and their distribution in equine facilities, CDC-UV and oviposition traps were plac...
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MDPI AG
2025-07-01
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| author | Cristiana Cazapal-Monteiro David Boso Inês Abreu Mercedes Camiña Jaime Sanchís Adolfo Paz-Silva Luis Cardoso Rita Sánchez-Andrade María Sol Arias José Ángel Hernández |
| author_facet | Cristiana Cazapal-Monteiro David Boso Inês Abreu Mercedes Camiña Jaime Sanchís Adolfo Paz-Silva Luis Cardoso Rita Sánchez-Andrade María Sol Arias José Ángel Hernández |
| author_sort | Cristiana Cazapal-Monteiro |
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| description | Diptera-borne diseases pose a major threat to global health, and their distribution is constantly changing due to climate change, globalization, and environmental changes. To improve the knowledge of dipteran species and their distribution in equine facilities, CDC-UV and oviposition traps were placed, and the dipping technique was performed in 16 equestrian centers of Northwest (NW) Spain (Galicia and Castilla y León Autonomous Communities) between July and November 2023. A questionnaire was distributed among the horse owners to obtain additional information. Four genera of culicids, <i>Culex</i> (51.8%), <i>Culiseta</i> (38.6%), <i>Anopheles</i> (8.4%), and <i>Aedes</i>/<i>Ochlerotatus</i> (1.2%) were identified in the equestrian centers. <i>Culex pipiens</i> s.l. was the most prevalent and well-distributed species (93.8% of the centers), whereas <i>Anopheles maculipennis</i> s.l. and <i>An. claviger</i>/<i>petragnani</i>, the anopheline species, were the most frequent (37.5% and 31.2%, respectively). The <i>Culiseta</i> genus was found in approximately 81.2% of the equine facilities. All genera were collected at medium and high altitudes and in Csb (warm-summer Mediterranean climate) areas. Equestrian centers from NW Spain albeit a variety of culicids with high vectorial capacity, together with an ideal environment for their breeding, the presence of vectors and hosts (humans and animals). This potential problem for global health enhances the need for entomological surveillance. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-5e0f0e9a019b48d0a1c29ceb0f00d95b |
| institution | Matheson Library |
| issn | 2076-0817 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Pathogens |
| spelling | doaj-art-5e0f0e9a019b48d0a1c29ceb0f00d95b2025-07-25T13:32:48ZengMDPI AGPathogens2076-08172025-07-0114766110.3390/pathogens14070661Targeting the Risk of Diptera-Borne Zoonoses by a Sentinel Equestrian Centers ProgramCristiana Cazapal-Monteiro0David Boso1Inês Abreu2Mercedes Camiña3Jaime Sanchís4Adolfo Paz-Silva5Luis Cardoso6Rita Sánchez-Andrade7María Sol Arias8José Ángel Hernández9Control of Parasites Research Group (COPAR, GI-2120), Department of Animal Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary, University of Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, SpainControl of Parasites Research Group (COPAR, GI-2120), Department of Animal Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary, University of Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, SpainControl of Parasites Research Group (COPAR, GI-2120), Department of Animal Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary, University of Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, SpainDepartment of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary, University of Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, SpainParasitology and Parasitic Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary, University of “La República” (Regional Litoral Norte), Salto 50000, UruguayControl of Parasites Research Group (COPAR, GI-2120), Department of Animal Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary, University of Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, SpainDepartment of Veterinary Sciences, and Animal and Veterinary Research Centre (CECAV), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, PortugalControl of Parasites Research Group (COPAR, GI-2120), Department of Animal Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary, University of Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, SpainControl of Parasites Research Group (COPAR, GI-2120), Department of Animal Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary, University of Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, SpainControl of Parasites Research Group (COPAR, GI-2120), Department of Animal Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary, University of Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, SpainDiptera-borne diseases pose a major threat to global health, and their distribution is constantly changing due to climate change, globalization, and environmental changes. To improve the knowledge of dipteran species and their distribution in equine facilities, CDC-UV and oviposition traps were placed, and the dipping technique was performed in 16 equestrian centers of Northwest (NW) Spain (Galicia and Castilla y León Autonomous Communities) between July and November 2023. A questionnaire was distributed among the horse owners to obtain additional information. Four genera of culicids, <i>Culex</i> (51.8%), <i>Culiseta</i> (38.6%), <i>Anopheles</i> (8.4%), and <i>Aedes</i>/<i>Ochlerotatus</i> (1.2%) were identified in the equestrian centers. <i>Culex pipiens</i> s.l. was the most prevalent and well-distributed species (93.8% of the centers), whereas <i>Anopheles maculipennis</i> s.l. and <i>An. claviger</i>/<i>petragnani</i>, the anopheline species, were the most frequent (37.5% and 31.2%, respectively). The <i>Culiseta</i> genus was found in approximately 81.2% of the equine facilities. All genera were collected at medium and high altitudes and in Csb (warm-summer Mediterranean climate) areas. Equestrian centers from NW Spain albeit a variety of culicids with high vectorial capacity, together with an ideal environment for their breeding, the presence of vectors and hosts (humans and animals). This potential problem for global health enhances the need for entomological surveillance.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/14/7/661CulicidaeDiptera-borne diseaseshorsesNorthwestern Spainsurveillancezoonoses |
| spellingShingle | Cristiana Cazapal-Monteiro David Boso Inês Abreu Mercedes Camiña Jaime Sanchís Adolfo Paz-Silva Luis Cardoso Rita Sánchez-Andrade María Sol Arias José Ángel Hernández Targeting the Risk of Diptera-Borne Zoonoses by a Sentinel Equestrian Centers Program Pathogens Culicidae Diptera-borne diseases horses Northwestern Spain surveillance zoonoses |
| title | Targeting the Risk of Diptera-Borne Zoonoses by a Sentinel Equestrian Centers Program |
| title_full | Targeting the Risk of Diptera-Borne Zoonoses by a Sentinel Equestrian Centers Program |
| title_fullStr | Targeting the Risk of Diptera-Borne Zoonoses by a Sentinel Equestrian Centers Program |
| title_full_unstemmed | Targeting the Risk of Diptera-Borne Zoonoses by a Sentinel Equestrian Centers Program |
| title_short | Targeting the Risk of Diptera-Borne Zoonoses by a Sentinel Equestrian Centers Program |
| title_sort | targeting the risk of diptera borne zoonoses by a sentinel equestrian centers program |
| topic | Culicidae Diptera-borne diseases horses Northwestern Spain surveillance zoonoses |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/14/7/661 |
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