Temporal Variations of the Oldest Emperor‐Hawaiian Plume Signature Influenced by Interaction With Shallow Mantle Features
Abstract Hawaiian volcanoes <∼7 Ma are believed to originate from two different portions of the deep mantle: Loa‐trend volcanoes originate from within the Pacific Large Low Shear Velocity Province (LLSVP), whereas Kea‐trend volcanoes tap ambient mantle adjacent to the LLSVP. To assess whether the...
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Wiley
2025-06-01
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| Series: | Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1029/2025GC012208 |
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| author | P. D. Kempton C. Adam A. D. Saunders T. L. Barry |
| author_facet | P. D. Kempton C. Adam A. D. Saunders T. L. Barry |
| author_sort | P. D. Kempton |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Hawaiian volcanoes <∼7 Ma are believed to originate from two different portions of the deep mantle: Loa‐trend volcanoes originate from within the Pacific Large Low Shear Velocity Province (LLSVP), whereas Kea‐trend volcanoes tap ambient mantle adjacent to the LLSVP. To assess whether the Emperor‐Hawaiian plume maintained this association throughout its history, we present new geochemical data (trace elements, Sr‐Nd‐Pb‐Hf isotopes) and geodynamical modeling for Emperor Seamounts ranging from >81 Ma (Meiji and Detroit Seamounts) to ∼50 Ma (Kōko Seamount). We show that Emperor seamounts differ from younger Hawaiian Islands in the abundance of isotopically depleted components. In εHf‐εNd isotope space, Detroit lavas trend toward a high εHf component similar to that observed in other mantle plumes (e.g., Iceland, Galápagos). This component originated deep within the mantle, possibly as a sheath surrounding the plume stem. Sampling of this component was facilitated by Detroit being ridge‐proximal when it formed (∼81–76 Ma). Emperor seamounts younger than Suiko (∼68 Ma) were intraplate and located beneath progressively older, thicker lithospheres. Backtracked locations of Emperor seamounts lie up to 15° latitude north of the Pacific LLSVP. This suggests that the ancestral Emperor‐Hawaiian plume was either (a) not initially associated with the Pacific LLSVP, (b) was deflected northward by shallow mantle features such that plume‐ridge interactions dominated in the upper mantle or convective flow patterns modified the plume structure in the mid mantle, or (c) the edge of the Pacific LLSVP receded southward by more than 15° over the past ∼100 m.y. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-57f7ce9af2f14f77a421c2d148941291 |
| institution | Matheson Library |
| issn | 1525-2027 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-06-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems |
| spelling | doaj-art-57f7ce9af2f14f77a421c2d1489412912025-06-27T06:33:22ZengWileyGeochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems1525-20272025-06-01266n/an/a10.1029/2025GC012208Temporal Variations of the Oldest Emperor‐Hawaiian Plume Signature Influenced by Interaction With Shallow Mantle FeaturesP. D. Kempton0C. Adam1A. D. Saunders2T. L. Barry3Department of Geology Kansas State University Manhattan KS USADepartment of Geology Kansas State University Manhattan KS USASchool of Geography, Geology and the Environment University of Leicester Leicester UKSchool of Geography, Geology and the Environment University of Leicester Leicester UKAbstract Hawaiian volcanoes <∼7 Ma are believed to originate from two different portions of the deep mantle: Loa‐trend volcanoes originate from within the Pacific Large Low Shear Velocity Province (LLSVP), whereas Kea‐trend volcanoes tap ambient mantle adjacent to the LLSVP. To assess whether the Emperor‐Hawaiian plume maintained this association throughout its history, we present new geochemical data (trace elements, Sr‐Nd‐Pb‐Hf isotopes) and geodynamical modeling for Emperor Seamounts ranging from >81 Ma (Meiji and Detroit Seamounts) to ∼50 Ma (Kōko Seamount). We show that Emperor seamounts differ from younger Hawaiian Islands in the abundance of isotopically depleted components. In εHf‐εNd isotope space, Detroit lavas trend toward a high εHf component similar to that observed in other mantle plumes (e.g., Iceland, Galápagos). This component originated deep within the mantle, possibly as a sheath surrounding the plume stem. Sampling of this component was facilitated by Detroit being ridge‐proximal when it formed (∼81–76 Ma). Emperor seamounts younger than Suiko (∼68 Ma) were intraplate and located beneath progressively older, thicker lithospheres. Backtracked locations of Emperor seamounts lie up to 15° latitude north of the Pacific LLSVP. This suggests that the ancestral Emperor‐Hawaiian plume was either (a) not initially associated with the Pacific LLSVP, (b) was deflected northward by shallow mantle features such that plume‐ridge interactions dominated in the upper mantle or convective flow patterns modified the plume structure in the mid mantle, or (c) the edge of the Pacific LLSVP receded southward by more than 15° over the past ∼100 m.y.https://doi.org/10.1029/2025GC012208Emperor‐Hawaiian plumelarge low shear velocity provinceSr‐Nd‐Pb‐Hf isotopesdepleted mantleplume migration |
| spellingShingle | P. D. Kempton C. Adam A. D. Saunders T. L. Barry Temporal Variations of the Oldest Emperor‐Hawaiian Plume Signature Influenced by Interaction With Shallow Mantle Features Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems Emperor‐Hawaiian plume large low shear velocity province Sr‐Nd‐Pb‐Hf isotopes depleted mantle plume migration |
| title | Temporal Variations of the Oldest Emperor‐Hawaiian Plume Signature Influenced by Interaction With Shallow Mantle Features |
| title_full | Temporal Variations of the Oldest Emperor‐Hawaiian Plume Signature Influenced by Interaction With Shallow Mantle Features |
| title_fullStr | Temporal Variations of the Oldest Emperor‐Hawaiian Plume Signature Influenced by Interaction With Shallow Mantle Features |
| title_full_unstemmed | Temporal Variations of the Oldest Emperor‐Hawaiian Plume Signature Influenced by Interaction With Shallow Mantle Features |
| title_short | Temporal Variations of the Oldest Emperor‐Hawaiian Plume Signature Influenced by Interaction With Shallow Mantle Features |
| title_sort | temporal variations of the oldest emperor hawaiian plume signature influenced by interaction with shallow mantle features |
| topic | Emperor‐Hawaiian plume large low shear velocity province Sr‐Nd‐Pb‐Hf isotopes depleted mantle plume migration |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1029/2025GC012208 |
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