Global impact of dietary risks on cancers: burdens across regions from 1990 to 2021 and the projection to 2035
BackgroundThe burden of cancer has been progressively increasing, with diet playing a key role in its development and progression. Previous studies on diet-related cancer burden mainly focused on individual factors or single cancer types. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze global trends in death...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2025-07-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Nutrition |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2025.1585305/full |
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| author | Xiangrong Liu Xiangrong Liu Xinsheng Zhang Yulu Wei Zhimeng Yu Lu Liu Xin Qin Yinghua Liu |
| author_facet | Xiangrong Liu Xiangrong Liu Xinsheng Zhang Yulu Wei Zhimeng Yu Lu Liu Xin Qin Yinghua Liu |
| author_sort | Xiangrong Liu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | BackgroundThe burden of cancer has been progressively increasing, with diet playing a key role in its development and progression. Previous studies on diet-related cancer burden mainly focused on individual factors or single cancer types. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze global trends in deaths and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) associated with diet-related cancers from 1990 to 2021, predicting the burden up to 2035.MethodsUsing bibliometric analysis and Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021 data, it examined mortality and DALY rates stratified by age, sex, cancer type, and region. Decomposition analysis assessed contributions of population growth, aging, and epidemiological transitions, while health inequalities were evaluated using inequality indices. Frontier analysis quantified gaps between current and minimum achievable burdens. Future trends for multiple tumors were projected using Bayesian Age-Period-Cohort (BAPC) modeling.ResultsThe age-standardized death rate (ASDR) for diet-related cancers declined from 12.24 (95% UI: 3.32 to 22.78) per 100,000 in 1990 to 7.90 (95% UI: 2.45 to 13.85) in 2021, and the age-standardized DALYs rate decreased from 302.48 (95% UI: 80.53 to 565.63) to 189.62 (95% UI: 57.13 to 335.37) per 100,000. In 2021, the highest ASDR were recorded in Central Europe, and the largest age-standardized DALYs rate were documented in Southern Sub-Saharan Africa. The greatest disease burden was identified in high-middle sociodemographic index (SDI) regions. Colon and rectum cancers were most prominent, with high red meat intake as the leading dietary risk. We also found that a higher disease burden was observed in males compared to females, and the burden increased progressively with age. Decomposition analysis revealed population growth as the main driver of increasing burdens, partly offset by epidemiological changes. Health inequality driven by economic factors has decreased. BAPC modeling predicted a continued decline in the future burden of multiple cancers, except for breast cancer.ConclusionWhile the burden of diet-related cancers is declining, challenges remain, particularly in older populations and higher SDI regions. Persistent health inequalities affect esophageal and stomach cancers. These findings can guide targeted strategies for prevention and control. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-5072fe69d83b4e88a27a8f6d5b1de5e5 |
| institution | Matheson Library |
| issn | 2296-861X |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-07-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
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| series | Frontiers in Nutrition |
| spelling | doaj-art-5072fe69d83b4e88a27a8f6d5b1de5e52025-07-04T05:17:53ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Nutrition2296-861X2025-07-011210.3389/fnut.2025.15853051585305Global impact of dietary risks on cancers: burdens across regions from 1990 to 2021 and the projection to 2035Xiangrong Liu0Xiangrong Liu1Xinsheng Zhang2Yulu Wei3Zhimeng Yu4Lu Liu5Xin Qin6Yinghua Liu7Department of Nutrition, The First Medical Center of the Chinese People′s Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, ChinaPeople’s Liberation Army Postgraduate Medical School, Beijing, ChinaDepartment of Nutrition, The First Medical Center of the Chinese People′s Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, ChinaYangzhou Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Yangzhou, ChinaDepartment of Nutrition, The First Medical Center of the Chinese People′s Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, ChinaDepartment of Nutrition, The First Medical Center of the Chinese People′s Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, ChinaDepartment of Nutrition, The First Medical Center of the Chinese People′s Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, ChinaDepartment of Nutrition, The First Medical Center of the Chinese People′s Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, ChinaBackgroundThe burden of cancer has been progressively increasing, with diet playing a key role in its development and progression. Previous studies on diet-related cancer burden mainly focused on individual factors or single cancer types. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze global trends in deaths and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) associated with diet-related cancers from 1990 to 2021, predicting the burden up to 2035.MethodsUsing bibliometric analysis and Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021 data, it examined mortality and DALY rates stratified by age, sex, cancer type, and region. Decomposition analysis assessed contributions of population growth, aging, and epidemiological transitions, while health inequalities were evaluated using inequality indices. Frontier analysis quantified gaps between current and minimum achievable burdens. Future trends for multiple tumors were projected using Bayesian Age-Period-Cohort (BAPC) modeling.ResultsThe age-standardized death rate (ASDR) for diet-related cancers declined from 12.24 (95% UI: 3.32 to 22.78) per 100,000 in 1990 to 7.90 (95% UI: 2.45 to 13.85) in 2021, and the age-standardized DALYs rate decreased from 302.48 (95% UI: 80.53 to 565.63) to 189.62 (95% UI: 57.13 to 335.37) per 100,000. In 2021, the highest ASDR were recorded in Central Europe, and the largest age-standardized DALYs rate were documented in Southern Sub-Saharan Africa. The greatest disease burden was identified in high-middle sociodemographic index (SDI) regions. Colon and rectum cancers were most prominent, with high red meat intake as the leading dietary risk. We also found that a higher disease burden was observed in males compared to females, and the burden increased progressively with age. Decomposition analysis revealed population growth as the main driver of increasing burdens, partly offset by epidemiological changes. Health inequality driven by economic factors has decreased. BAPC modeling predicted a continued decline in the future burden of multiple cancers, except for breast cancer.ConclusionWhile the burden of diet-related cancers is declining, challenges remain, particularly in older populations and higher SDI regions. Persistent health inequalities affect esophageal and stomach cancers. These findings can guide targeted strategies for prevention and control.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2025.1585305/fulldietary riskcancerbibliometric analysisglobal burden of diseasesociodemographic indexhealth inequity |
| spellingShingle | Xiangrong Liu Xiangrong Liu Xinsheng Zhang Yulu Wei Zhimeng Yu Lu Liu Xin Qin Yinghua Liu Global impact of dietary risks on cancers: burdens across regions from 1990 to 2021 and the projection to 2035 Frontiers in Nutrition dietary risk cancer bibliometric analysis global burden of disease sociodemographic index health inequity |
| title | Global impact of dietary risks on cancers: burdens across regions from 1990 to 2021 and the projection to 2035 |
| title_full | Global impact of dietary risks on cancers: burdens across regions from 1990 to 2021 and the projection to 2035 |
| title_fullStr | Global impact of dietary risks on cancers: burdens across regions from 1990 to 2021 and the projection to 2035 |
| title_full_unstemmed | Global impact of dietary risks on cancers: burdens across regions from 1990 to 2021 and the projection to 2035 |
| title_short | Global impact of dietary risks on cancers: burdens across regions from 1990 to 2021 and the projection to 2035 |
| title_sort | global impact of dietary risks on cancers burdens across regions from 1990 to 2021 and the projection to 2035 |
| topic | dietary risk cancer bibliometric analysis global burden of disease sociodemographic index health inequity |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2025.1585305/full |
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