Impact of COVID-19 on the Gut: A Review of the Manifestations, Pathology, Management, and Challenges
SARS-CoV-2 is a virus that can enter its hosts through the Angiotensin Converting Enzyme-2 (ACE2) receptor. ACE2 is mainly expressed in cells of the gastrointestinal tract, such as the esophageal epithelium and enterocytes from the ileum-colon. Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has varying clinic...
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| Language: | English |
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Interna Publishing
2021-03-01
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| Series: | Acta Medica Indonesiana |
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| Online Access: | http://www.actamedindones.org/index.php/ijim/article/view/1655 |
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| author | Kresna Dharma Suryana Marcellus Simadibrata Kaka Renaldi |
| author_facet | Kresna Dharma Suryana Marcellus Simadibrata Kaka Renaldi |
| author_sort | Kresna Dharma Suryana |
| collection | DOAJ |
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SARS-CoV-2 is a virus that can enter its hosts through the Angiotensin Converting Enzyme-2 (ACE2) receptor. ACE2 is mainly expressed in cells of the gastrointestinal tract, such as the esophageal epithelium and enterocytes from the ileum-colon. Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has varying clinical symptoms and presents differently in individuals, ranging from asymptomatic carriers to moderate clinical spectrum with mild pneumonia clinical features, and to a severe clinical presentation with dyspnea and hypoxia, leading to death due to respiratory or multi-organ failure. COVID-19 infection can also manifest themselves in the form of gastrointestinal symptoms such as diarrhea, vomiting, nausea, and abdominal pain. Severe complications of gastrointestinal COVID-19 infections include hemorrhage or perforation of the gastrointestinal tract and severe inflammation, which can adversely affect the intestinal immune system, and therefore the systemic immune system of the host. Furthermore, COVID-19 has also shown to affect microbiota homeostasis in the digestive tract. To date, no clear explanation is available regarding the pathophysiology of gastrointestinal SARS-CoV-2 infection, fecal RNA detection, and the possibility of fecal-oral transmission of SARS-CoV-2. This review aims to discuss the effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection on the digestive tract, microbiota, and lung, and the possibility of fecal-oral transmission in COVID-19.
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| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-4e5215aa5d5d45c1b45ef04045fbf28d |
| institution | Matheson Library |
| issn | 0125-9326 2338-2732 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2021-03-01 |
| publisher | Interna Publishing |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Acta Medica Indonesiana |
| spelling | doaj-art-4e5215aa5d5d45c1b45ef04045fbf28d2025-07-14T07:01:43ZengInterna PublishingActa Medica Indonesiana0125-93262338-27322021-03-01531Impact of COVID-19 on the Gut: A Review of the Manifestations, Pathology, Management, and ChallengesKresna Dharma Suryana0Marcellus Simadibrata1Kaka Renaldi2Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia/ Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital National Hospital, JakartaDivision of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia/Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo General National Hospital, JakartaDivision of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia/Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo General National Hospital, Jakarta SARS-CoV-2 is a virus that can enter its hosts through the Angiotensin Converting Enzyme-2 (ACE2) receptor. ACE2 is mainly expressed in cells of the gastrointestinal tract, such as the esophageal epithelium and enterocytes from the ileum-colon. Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has varying clinical symptoms and presents differently in individuals, ranging from asymptomatic carriers to moderate clinical spectrum with mild pneumonia clinical features, and to a severe clinical presentation with dyspnea and hypoxia, leading to death due to respiratory or multi-organ failure. COVID-19 infection can also manifest themselves in the form of gastrointestinal symptoms such as diarrhea, vomiting, nausea, and abdominal pain. Severe complications of gastrointestinal COVID-19 infections include hemorrhage or perforation of the gastrointestinal tract and severe inflammation, which can adversely affect the intestinal immune system, and therefore the systemic immune system of the host. Furthermore, COVID-19 has also shown to affect microbiota homeostasis in the digestive tract. To date, no clear explanation is available regarding the pathophysiology of gastrointestinal SARS-CoV-2 infection, fecal RNA detection, and the possibility of fecal-oral transmission of SARS-CoV-2. This review aims to discuss the effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection on the digestive tract, microbiota, and lung, and the possibility of fecal-oral transmission in COVID-19. http://www.actamedindones.org/index.php/ijim/article/view/1655Internal medicineGastroenterologyHepatologyPulmonologyTropical diseaseInfection |
| spellingShingle | Kresna Dharma Suryana Marcellus Simadibrata Kaka Renaldi Impact of COVID-19 on the Gut: A Review of the Manifestations, Pathology, Management, and Challenges Acta Medica Indonesiana Internal medicine Gastroenterology Hepatology Pulmonology Tropical disease Infection |
| title | Impact of COVID-19 on the Gut: A Review of the Manifestations, Pathology, Management, and Challenges |
| title_full | Impact of COVID-19 on the Gut: A Review of the Manifestations, Pathology, Management, and Challenges |
| title_fullStr | Impact of COVID-19 on the Gut: A Review of the Manifestations, Pathology, Management, and Challenges |
| title_full_unstemmed | Impact of COVID-19 on the Gut: A Review of the Manifestations, Pathology, Management, and Challenges |
| title_short | Impact of COVID-19 on the Gut: A Review of the Manifestations, Pathology, Management, and Challenges |
| title_sort | impact of covid 19 on the gut a review of the manifestations pathology management and challenges |
| topic | Internal medicine Gastroenterology Hepatology Pulmonology Tropical disease Infection |
| url | http://www.actamedindones.org/index.php/ijim/article/view/1655 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT kresnadharmasuryana impactofcovid19onthegutareviewofthemanifestationspathologymanagementandchallenges AT marcellussimadibrata impactofcovid19onthegutareviewofthemanifestationspathologymanagementandchallenges AT kakarenaldi impactofcovid19onthegutareviewofthemanifestationspathologymanagementandchallenges |