Hypoxia-Induced Mesenchymal Stem Cell Exosomes Modulate Protein Kinase A and VEGFR Expression in Ultraviolet B-Induced Hyperpigmentation in Mice
Background: Hyperpigmentation is often exacerbated by ultraviolet-B (UVB) exposure through oxidative stress and activation of pathways like mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR). Current treatments carry risks and necessitate safer alternativ...
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Main Authors: | , , , |
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Format: | Article |
Language: | English |
Published: |
Cell and BioPharmaceutical Institute
2025-07-01
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Series: | MCBS (Molecular and Cellular Biomedical Sciences) |
Online Access: | https://cellbiopharm.com/ojs/index.php/MCBS/article/view/594 |
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