Particle-Scale Insights into Extraction Zone Development During Block Caving: Experimental Validation and PFC3D Simulation of Gradation-Dependent Flow Characteristics

Particle-Scale Insights into Extraction Zone Development During Block Caving: Experimental Validation and PFC3D Simulation of Gradation-Dependent Flow Characteristics

To investigate the evolution trend of the extraction zone above the drawbell in block caving, an experimental apparatus incorporating the drawbell structure was designed. Ore drawing experiments were conducted using materials with varying particle size gradations. The results demonstrate that the ex...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Chaoyi Yang, Guangquan Li, Dengjun Gan, Rihong Cao, Hang Lin, Rugao Gao
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-07-01
Series:Applied Sciences
Subjects:
block caving
particle size
extraction zone
major and minor axes
numerical simulation
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/14/7916
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