Identification, Comparison, and Profiling of Selected Diarrhoeagenic Pathogens from Diverse Water Sources and Human and Animal Faeces Using Whole-Genome Sequencing
Consumption of contaminated drinking water is known to cause waterborne diseases such as diarrhoea, dysentery, typhoid, and hepatitis. This study applied whole-genome sequencing (WGS) to detect, identify, compare, and profile diarrhoeagenic pathogens (<i>Vibrio cholerae</i>, Shiga toxin-...
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| Main Authors: | , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2025-06-01
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| Series: | Microorganisms |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/13/6/1373 |
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| Summary: | Consumption of contaminated drinking water is known to cause waterborne diseases such as diarrhoea, dysentery, typhoid, and hepatitis. This study applied whole-genome sequencing (WGS) to detect, identify, compare, and profile diarrhoeagenic pathogens (<i>Vibrio cholerae</i>, Shiga toxin-producing <i>Escherichia coli</i>, and <i>Escherichia coli</i> O157:H7) from 3168 water samples and 135 faecal samples (human and animal). Culture-based methods, MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry, and PCR were employed prior to WGS for identification of pathogens. Culture-based results revealed high presumptive prevalence of STEC (40.2%), <i>V. cholerae</i> (37.1%), and <i>E. coli</i> O157:H7 (22.7%). The MALDI-TOF confirmed 555 isolates with <i>V. cholerae</i> identified as <i>Vibrio albensis</i>. Shiga toxin-producing <i>Escherichia coli</i> (STEC) was more prevalent in wastewater (60%), treated water (54.1%), and groundwater (36.8%). PCR detected 46.4% of virulence genes from the water isolates and 66% of virulence genes from the STEC stool isolates. WGS also revealed STEC (92.9%) as the most prevalent species and found common virulence (e.g., <i>hcp1/tssD1</i> and <i>hlyE</i>) and resistance (e.g., <i>acrA</i> and <i>baeR</i>) genes in all three types of samples. Five resistance and thirteen virulence genes overlapped among treated water and stool isolates. These findings highlight the diarrhoeagenic pathogens’ public health risk in water sources and underscore the need for better water quality monitoring and treatment standards. |
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| ISSN: | 2076-2607 |