A Poly(Acrylic Acid)-Based Hydrogel Crosslinked with Hydroxypropylcellulose as a Clarifying Agent in Nickel(II) Solutions
Poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) and hydroxypropylcellulose (HPC) hydrogels were synthesized in the absence of a crosslinker. Chemical crosslinking between PAA and HPC was demonstrated through free radical polymerization by a precipitation reaction in acetone as the solvent. These hydrogels exhibited smalle...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2025-07-01
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| Series: | Gels |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2310-2861/11/7/560 |
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| author | Rubén Octavio Muñoz-García Cesar Alexis Ruiz-Casillas Diego Alberto Lomelí-Rosales Jorge Alberto Cortés-Ortega Juan Carlos Sánchez-Díaz Luis Emilio Cruz-Barba |
| author_facet | Rubén Octavio Muñoz-García Cesar Alexis Ruiz-Casillas Diego Alberto Lomelí-Rosales Jorge Alberto Cortés-Ortega Juan Carlos Sánchez-Díaz Luis Emilio Cruz-Barba |
| author_sort | Rubén Octavio Muñoz-García |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) and hydroxypropylcellulose (HPC) hydrogels were synthesized in the absence of a crosslinker. Chemical crosslinking between PAA and HPC was demonstrated through free radical polymerization by a precipitation reaction in acetone as the solvent. These hydrogels exhibited smaller swelling ratios (1 to 5 g H<sub>2</sub>O/g) than homo PAA hydrogels synthesized in water as the solvent. They were swollen in a 0.1 M NaOH solution and subsequently used to remove Ni<sup>2+</sup> ions from aqueous solutions with concentrations ranging from 1000 to 4000 ppm. The absorption capacity of these hydrogels ranged from 91 to 340 mg of Ni<sup>2+</sup>/g in a rapid 1 h process, and from 122 to 435 mg of Ni<sup>2+</sup>/g in a 24 h process, demonstrating an improvement in Ni<sup>2+</sup> absorption compared to previously reported hydrogels. The colored 1000 and 2000 ppm Ni<sup>2+</sup> solutions became clear after treatment, while the PAA-HPC hydrogels turned green due to the uptake of Ni<sup>2+</sup> ions, which were partially chelated by carboxylate groups as nickel polyacrylate and partially precipitated as Ni(OH)<sub>2</sub>, resulting in an average absorption efficiency of 80%. The hydrogel was able to release the absorbed Ni<sup>2+</sup> upon immersion in an HCl solution, with an average release percentage of 76.4%, indicating its potential for reuse. These findings support the use of PAA-HPC hydrogels for cleaning Ni<sup>2+</sup>-polluted water. The cost of producing 1 g of these hydrogels in laboratory conditions is approximately 0.2 USD. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-3635a94cc19f4e1ab3d1e76e39f094ee |
| institution | Matheson Library |
| issn | 2310-2861 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Gels |
| spelling | doaj-art-3635a94cc19f4e1ab3d1e76e39f094ee2025-07-25T13:24:03ZengMDPI AGGels2310-28612025-07-0111756010.3390/gels11070560A Poly(Acrylic Acid)-Based Hydrogel Crosslinked with Hydroxypropylcellulose as a Clarifying Agent in Nickel(II) SolutionsRubén Octavio Muñoz-García0Cesar Alexis Ruiz-Casillas1Diego Alberto Lomelí-Rosales2Jorge Alberto Cortés-Ortega3Juan Carlos Sánchez-Díaz4Luis Emilio Cruz-Barba5Departamento de Química, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Exactas e Ingenierías, Universidad de Guadalajara, Boulevard Marcelino García Barragán 1421, Guadalajara 44430, Jalisco, MexicoLicenciatura en Química, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Exactas e Ingenierías, Universidad de Guadalajara, Boulevard Marcelino García Barragán 1421, Guadalajara 44430, Jalisco, MexicoDepartamento de Química, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Exactas e Ingenierías, Universidad de Guadalajara, Boulevard Marcelino García Barragán 1421, Guadalajara 44430, Jalisco, MexicoDepartamento de Química, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Exactas e Ingenierías, Universidad de Guadalajara, Boulevard Marcelino García Barragán 1421, Guadalajara 44430, Jalisco, MexicoDepartamento de Ingeniería Química, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Exactas e Ingenierías, Universidad de Guadalajara, Boulevard Marcelino García Barragán 1421, Guadalajara 44430, Jalisco, MexicoDepartamento de Ingeniería Química, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Exactas e Ingenierías, Universidad de Guadalajara, Boulevard Marcelino García Barragán 1421, Guadalajara 44430, Jalisco, MexicoPoly(acrylic acid) (PAA) and hydroxypropylcellulose (HPC) hydrogels were synthesized in the absence of a crosslinker. Chemical crosslinking between PAA and HPC was demonstrated through free radical polymerization by a precipitation reaction in acetone as the solvent. These hydrogels exhibited smaller swelling ratios (1 to 5 g H<sub>2</sub>O/g) than homo PAA hydrogels synthesized in water as the solvent. They were swollen in a 0.1 M NaOH solution and subsequently used to remove Ni<sup>2+</sup> ions from aqueous solutions with concentrations ranging from 1000 to 4000 ppm. The absorption capacity of these hydrogels ranged from 91 to 340 mg of Ni<sup>2+</sup>/g in a rapid 1 h process, and from 122 to 435 mg of Ni<sup>2+</sup>/g in a 24 h process, demonstrating an improvement in Ni<sup>2+</sup> absorption compared to previously reported hydrogels. The colored 1000 and 2000 ppm Ni<sup>2+</sup> solutions became clear after treatment, while the PAA-HPC hydrogels turned green due to the uptake of Ni<sup>2+</sup> ions, which were partially chelated by carboxylate groups as nickel polyacrylate and partially precipitated as Ni(OH)<sub>2</sub>, resulting in an average absorption efficiency of 80%. The hydrogel was able to release the absorbed Ni<sup>2+</sup> upon immersion in an HCl solution, with an average release percentage of 76.4%, indicating its potential for reuse. These findings support the use of PAA-HPC hydrogels for cleaning Ni<sup>2+</sup>-polluted water. The cost of producing 1 g of these hydrogels in laboratory conditions is approximately 0.2 USD.https://www.mdpi.com/2310-2861/11/7/560hydroxypropylcelluloseacrylic acidhydrogelsnickel(II) |
| spellingShingle | Rubén Octavio Muñoz-García Cesar Alexis Ruiz-Casillas Diego Alberto Lomelí-Rosales Jorge Alberto Cortés-Ortega Juan Carlos Sánchez-Díaz Luis Emilio Cruz-Barba A Poly(Acrylic Acid)-Based Hydrogel Crosslinked with Hydroxypropylcellulose as a Clarifying Agent in Nickel(II) Solutions Gels hydroxypropylcellulose acrylic acid hydrogels nickel(II) |
| title | A Poly(Acrylic Acid)-Based Hydrogel Crosslinked with Hydroxypropylcellulose as a Clarifying Agent in Nickel(II) Solutions |
| title_full | A Poly(Acrylic Acid)-Based Hydrogel Crosslinked with Hydroxypropylcellulose as a Clarifying Agent in Nickel(II) Solutions |
| title_fullStr | A Poly(Acrylic Acid)-Based Hydrogel Crosslinked with Hydroxypropylcellulose as a Clarifying Agent in Nickel(II) Solutions |
| title_full_unstemmed | A Poly(Acrylic Acid)-Based Hydrogel Crosslinked with Hydroxypropylcellulose as a Clarifying Agent in Nickel(II) Solutions |
| title_short | A Poly(Acrylic Acid)-Based Hydrogel Crosslinked with Hydroxypropylcellulose as a Clarifying Agent in Nickel(II) Solutions |
| title_sort | poly acrylic acid based hydrogel crosslinked with hydroxypropylcellulose as a clarifying agent in nickel ii solutions |
| topic | hydroxypropylcellulose acrylic acid hydrogels nickel(II) |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2310-2861/11/7/560 |
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