Surface Charging on Insulating Films with Different Thicknesses in UPS

The conventional view holds that ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS) measurements are not applicable to insulating materials due to interference from charging effects. To avoid surface charging, researchers typically restrict valence band structure investigations to ultra-thin films. Howeve...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Lei Zhu, Xuefeng Xu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-06-01
Series:Applied Sciences
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/12/6846
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