Pulsed Current Operation and Adaptive State-of-Charge Balancing for Smart Battery Energy Storage Systems
This paper advances the development of next-generation energy storage systems based on smart batteries. The investigated approach integrates a half-bridge converter into each battery, enabling pulsed current operation. Two State-of-Charge (SOC) balancing strategies are investigated. The first, inspi...
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| Language: | English |
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IEEE
2025-01-01
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| Series: | IEEE Access |
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| Online Access: | https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/11031399/ |
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| author | Ediward Amaral Carelli Allan Fagner Cupertino Pedro Machado de Almeida Heverton Augusto Pereira Remus Teodorescu |
| author_facet | Ediward Amaral Carelli Allan Fagner Cupertino Pedro Machado de Almeida Heverton Augusto Pereira Remus Teodorescu |
| author_sort | Ediward Amaral Carelli |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This paper advances the development of next-generation energy storage systems based on smart batteries. The investigated approach integrates a half-bridge converter into each battery, enabling pulsed current operation. Two State-of-Charge (SOC) balancing strategies are investigated. The first, inspired by existing literature, employs a proportional controller. The second is based on an adaptive controller that dynamically adjusts its gain based on real-time SOC deviation. As a second contribution, this work explores the interactions between the smart battery pack and the power conversion system (PCS) in a grid-connected application. The proposed balancing strategies are analytically modeled and validated through simulations in PLECS and Control Hardware-in-the-Loop (C-HIL) experiments. Additionally, the study examines the impact of battery bypass on the dc bus voltage and power processing in the two-stage PCS. Results indicate that the adaptive balancing scheme reduces balancing time by approximately four times compared to the proportional controller-based approach. Moreover, the interaction between the smart battery pack and the PCS enables stable regulation of the dc bus voltage, minimizing fluctuations caused by battery switching and ensuring stability in active power delivery, reinforcing its viability for grid-connected applications. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-2c67b4e2f24e47b789d56c6dc44e53db |
| institution | Matheson Library |
| issn | 2169-3536 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | IEEE |
| record_format | Article |
| series | IEEE Access |
| spelling | doaj-art-2c67b4e2f24e47b789d56c6dc44e53db2025-06-25T23:00:27ZengIEEEIEEE Access2169-35362025-01-011310389810391210.1109/ACCESS.2025.357931311031399Pulsed Current Operation and Adaptive State-of-Charge Balancing for Smart Battery Energy Storage SystemsEdiward Amaral Carelli0https://orcid.org/0009-0007-6930-7456Allan Fagner Cupertino1https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8418-1985Pedro Machado de Almeida2Heverton Augusto Pereira3https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0710-7815Remus Teodorescu4https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2617-7168Graduate Program in Electrical Engineering, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF), Juiz de Fora, BrazilDepartment of Electrical Energy, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF), Juiz de Fora, BrazilDepartment of Electrical Energy, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF), Juiz de Fora, BrazilDepartment of Electrical Engineering, Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV), Viçosa, BrazilDepartment of Energy Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, DenmarkThis paper advances the development of next-generation energy storage systems based on smart batteries. The investigated approach integrates a half-bridge converter into each battery, enabling pulsed current operation. Two State-of-Charge (SOC) balancing strategies are investigated. The first, inspired by existing literature, employs a proportional controller. The second is based on an adaptive controller that dynamically adjusts its gain based on real-time SOC deviation. As a second contribution, this work explores the interactions between the smart battery pack and the power conversion system (PCS) in a grid-connected application. The proposed balancing strategies are analytically modeled and validated through simulations in PLECS and Control Hardware-in-the-Loop (C-HIL) experiments. Additionally, the study examines the impact of battery bypass on the dc bus voltage and power processing in the two-stage PCS. Results indicate that the adaptive balancing scheme reduces balancing time by approximately four times compared to the proportional controller-based approach. Moreover, the interaction between the smart battery pack and the PCS enables stable regulation of the dc bus voltage, minimizing fluctuations caused by battery switching and ensuring stability in active power delivery, reinforcing its viability for grid-connected applications.https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/11031399/Battery energy storage systemsmart batterypulsed current operationadaptive state-of-charge balancing |
| spellingShingle | Ediward Amaral Carelli Allan Fagner Cupertino Pedro Machado de Almeida Heverton Augusto Pereira Remus Teodorescu Pulsed Current Operation and Adaptive State-of-Charge Balancing for Smart Battery Energy Storage Systems IEEE Access Battery energy storage system smart battery pulsed current operation adaptive state-of-charge balancing |
| title | Pulsed Current Operation and Adaptive State-of-Charge Balancing for Smart Battery Energy Storage Systems |
| title_full | Pulsed Current Operation and Adaptive State-of-Charge Balancing for Smart Battery Energy Storage Systems |
| title_fullStr | Pulsed Current Operation and Adaptive State-of-Charge Balancing for Smart Battery Energy Storage Systems |
| title_full_unstemmed | Pulsed Current Operation and Adaptive State-of-Charge Balancing for Smart Battery Energy Storage Systems |
| title_short | Pulsed Current Operation and Adaptive State-of-Charge Balancing for Smart Battery Energy Storage Systems |
| title_sort | pulsed current operation and adaptive state of charge balancing for smart battery energy storage systems |
| topic | Battery energy storage system smart battery pulsed current operation adaptive state-of-charge balancing |
| url | https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/11031399/ |
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