Functioning of post-COVID-19 patients: a cross-sectional study at the outpatient clinic for long-term effects
Background After COVID-19 infection, long-term impacts on functioning may occur. We studied the functioning of patients with post-COVID-19 condition (PCC) and compared them to controls without PCC.Methods This cross-sectional study consisted of 442 patients with PCC referred to rehabilitation at the...
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Taylor & Francis Group
2025-01-01
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| Series: | Scandinavian Journal of Primary Health Care |
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| Online Access: | https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/02813432.2024.2410986 |
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| author | Sanna Stålnacke Helena Liira Velina Vangelova-Korpinen Hélène Virrantaus Mari Kanerva Kirsi Kvarnström Markku Sainio Antti Malmivaara Aki Vuokko Mikko Varonen Mikko Venäläinen Jari Arokoski |
| author_facet | Sanna Stålnacke Helena Liira Velina Vangelova-Korpinen Hélène Virrantaus Mari Kanerva Kirsi Kvarnström Markku Sainio Antti Malmivaara Aki Vuokko Mikko Varonen Mikko Venäläinen Jari Arokoski |
| author_sort | Sanna Stålnacke |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background After COVID-19 infection, long-term impacts on functioning may occur. We studied the functioning of patients with post-COVID-19 condition (PCC) and compared them to controls without PCC.Methods This cross-sectional study consisted of 442 patients with PCC referred to rehabilitation at the Helsinki University Hospital (HUS) Outpatient Clinic for the Long-Term Effects of COVID-19, and 198 controls without PCC. Functioning was assessed with a questionnaire including WHODAS 2.0. Patients underwent physical testing including a hand grip strength test (HGST) and a 6-minute walking test (6MWT). Lifestyle was assessed by questionnaire and comorbidities were collected as ICD-10 codes from the HUS Data Lake on the HUS Acamedic platform.Results The WHODAS 2.0 average total score was 34 (SD 18) (moderate functional limitation) for patients with PCC and 6 (SD 8) (normal or mild limitation) for the controls. The disability was higher in all aspects of WHODAS 2.0 in patients with PCC. Bivariate binomial and multivariable regression analyses showed that the presence of comorbidities, anxiety, depression, and smoking predicted a WHODAS 2.0 score of 24 (moderate functional limitation) or above in the PCC group. The average 6MWT distance was 435 m (SD 98 m) in patients with PCC and 627 m (SD 70 m) in controls. HGST measurements showed no significant differences from controls.Conclusions In conclusion, patients with PCC had significantly reduced functioning based on WHODAS 2.0 scores and the 6MWT results. Comorbidities, anxiety, depression, and smoking were associated with moderate or severe limitations in functioning. Findings support that PCC is multifactorial and requires a holistic approach to rehabilitation. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-2b44e70a7a844fbc970517a09df9e71a |
| institution | Matheson Library |
| issn | 0281-3432 1502-7724 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | Taylor & Francis Group |
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| series | Scandinavian Journal of Primary Health Care |
| spelling | doaj-art-2b44e70a7a844fbc970517a09df9e71a2025-07-18T15:35:51ZengTaylor & Francis GroupScandinavian Journal of Primary Health Care0281-34321502-77242025-01-0143115516310.1080/02813432.2024.2410986Functioning of post-COVID-19 patients: a cross-sectional study at the outpatient clinic for long-term effectsSanna Stålnacke0Helena Liira1Velina Vangelova-Korpinen2Hélène Virrantaus3Mari Kanerva4Kirsi Kvarnström5Markku Sainio6Antti Malmivaara7Aki Vuokko8Mikko Varonen9Mikko Venäläinen10Jari Arokoski11Outpatient Clinic for Persistent Symptom Rehabilitation, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, FinlandOutpatient Clinic for Persistent Symptom Rehabilitation, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, FinlandOutpatient Clinic for Persistent Symptom Rehabilitation, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, FinlandOutpatient Clinic for Persistent Symptom Rehabilitation, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, FinlandOutpatient Clinic for Persistent Symptom Rehabilitation, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, FinlandOutpatient Clinic for Persistent Symptom Rehabilitation, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, FinlandOutpatient Clinic for Persistent Symptom Rehabilitation, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, FinlandFinnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Orton Orthopaedic Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FinlandFinnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, FinlandOutpatient Clinic for Persistent Symptom Rehabilitation, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, FinlandDepartment of Medical Physics, University of Turku, Turku, FinlandDepartment of Internal Medicine and Rehabilitation, Division of Rehabilitation, Helsinki University Hospital and Helsinki University, Helsinki, FinlandBackground After COVID-19 infection, long-term impacts on functioning may occur. We studied the functioning of patients with post-COVID-19 condition (PCC) and compared them to controls without PCC.Methods This cross-sectional study consisted of 442 patients with PCC referred to rehabilitation at the Helsinki University Hospital (HUS) Outpatient Clinic for the Long-Term Effects of COVID-19, and 198 controls without PCC. Functioning was assessed with a questionnaire including WHODAS 2.0. Patients underwent physical testing including a hand grip strength test (HGST) and a 6-minute walking test (6MWT). Lifestyle was assessed by questionnaire and comorbidities were collected as ICD-10 codes from the HUS Data Lake on the HUS Acamedic platform.Results The WHODAS 2.0 average total score was 34 (SD 18) (moderate functional limitation) for patients with PCC and 6 (SD 8) (normal or mild limitation) for the controls. The disability was higher in all aspects of WHODAS 2.0 in patients with PCC. Bivariate binomial and multivariable regression analyses showed that the presence of comorbidities, anxiety, depression, and smoking predicted a WHODAS 2.0 score of 24 (moderate functional limitation) or above in the PCC group. The average 6MWT distance was 435 m (SD 98 m) in patients with PCC and 627 m (SD 70 m) in controls. HGST measurements showed no significant differences from controls.Conclusions In conclusion, patients with PCC had significantly reduced functioning based on WHODAS 2.0 scores and the 6MWT results. Comorbidities, anxiety, depression, and smoking were associated with moderate or severe limitations in functioning. Findings support that PCC is multifactorial and requires a holistic approach to rehabilitation.https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/02813432.2024.2410986Post-COVID-19 conditioncross-sectional studyfunctioningWHODAS 2.06-minute walk testhand grip strength |
| spellingShingle | Sanna Stålnacke Helena Liira Velina Vangelova-Korpinen Hélène Virrantaus Mari Kanerva Kirsi Kvarnström Markku Sainio Antti Malmivaara Aki Vuokko Mikko Varonen Mikko Venäläinen Jari Arokoski Functioning of post-COVID-19 patients: a cross-sectional study at the outpatient clinic for long-term effects Scandinavian Journal of Primary Health Care Post-COVID-19 condition cross-sectional study functioning WHODAS 2.0 6-minute walk test hand grip strength |
| title | Functioning of post-COVID-19 patients: a cross-sectional study at the outpatient clinic for long-term effects |
| title_full | Functioning of post-COVID-19 patients: a cross-sectional study at the outpatient clinic for long-term effects |
| title_fullStr | Functioning of post-COVID-19 patients: a cross-sectional study at the outpatient clinic for long-term effects |
| title_full_unstemmed | Functioning of post-COVID-19 patients: a cross-sectional study at the outpatient clinic for long-term effects |
| title_short | Functioning of post-COVID-19 patients: a cross-sectional study at the outpatient clinic for long-term effects |
| title_sort | functioning of post covid 19 patients a cross sectional study at the outpatient clinic for long term effects |
| topic | Post-COVID-19 condition cross-sectional study functioning WHODAS 2.0 6-minute walk test hand grip strength |
| url | https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/02813432.2024.2410986 |
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