Gas Barrier Properties of Organoclay-Reinforced Polyamide 6 Nanocomposite Liners for Type IV Hydrogen Storage Vessels
This study investigates the hydrogen permeability of injection-molded polyamide 6 (PA6) nanocomposites reinforced with organo-modified montmorillonite (OMMT) at varying concentrations (1, 2.5, 5, and 10 wt. %) for potential use as Type IV composite-overwrapped pressure vessel (COPV) liners. While pr...
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MDPI AG
2025-07-01
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| Series: | Nanomaterials |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/15/14/1101 |
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| author | Dávid István Kis Pál Hansághy Attila Bata Nándor Nemestóthy Péter Gerse Ferenc Tajti Eszter Kókai |
| author_facet | Dávid István Kis Pál Hansághy Attila Bata Nándor Nemestóthy Péter Gerse Ferenc Tajti Eszter Kókai |
| author_sort | Dávid István Kis |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This study investigates the hydrogen permeability of injection-molded polyamide 6 (PA6) nanocomposites reinforced with organo-modified montmorillonite (OMMT) at varying concentrations (1, 2.5, 5, and 10 wt. %) for potential use as Type IV composite-overwrapped pressure vessel (COPV) liners. While previous work examined their mechanical properties, this study focuses on their crystallinity, morphology, and gas barrier performance. The precise inorganic content was determined using thermal gravimetry analysis (TGA), while differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to characterize the structural and morphological changes induced by varying filler content. The results showed that generally higher OMMT concentrations promoted γ-phase formation but also led to increased agglomeration and reduced crystallinity. The PA6/OMMT-1 wt. % sample stood out with higher crystallinity, well-dispersed clay, and low hydrogen permeability. In contrast, the PA6/OMMT-2.5 and -5 wt. % samples showed increased permeability, which corresponded to WAXD and SEM evidence of agglomeration and DSC results indicating a lower degree of crystallinity. PA6/OMMT-10 wt. % showed the most-reduced hydrogen permeability compared to all other samples. This improvement, however, is attributed to a tortuous path effect created by the high filler loading rather than optimal crystallinity or dispersion. SEM images revealed significant OMMT agglomeration, and DSC analysis confirmed reduced crystallinity, indicating that despite the excellent barrier performance, the compromised microstructure may negatively impact mechanical reliability, showing PA6/OMMT-1 wt. % to be the most balanced candidate combining both mechanical integrity and hydrogen impermeability for Type IV COPV liners. |
| format | Article |
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| institution | Matheson Library |
| issn | 2079-4991 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Nanomaterials |
| spelling | doaj-art-2a80e61de9d243c7a9c38e8e916028e52025-07-25T13:32:20ZengMDPI AGNanomaterials2079-49912025-07-011514110110.3390/nano15141101Gas Barrier Properties of Organoclay-Reinforced Polyamide 6 Nanocomposite Liners for Type IV Hydrogen Storage VesselsDávid István Kis0Pál Hansághy1Attila Bata2Nándor Nemestóthy3Péter Gerse4Ferenc Tajti5Eszter Kókai6Department of Automotive Technologies, Faculty of Transportation Engineering and Vehicle Engineering, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Műegyetem rkp. 3, H-1111 Budapest, HungaryDepartment of Innovative Vehicles and Materials, GAMF Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Computer Science, John von Neumann University, Izsáki út 10, H-6000 Kecskemét, HungaryDepartment of Innovative Vehicles and Materials, GAMF Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Computer Science, John von Neumann University, Izsáki út 10, H-6000 Kecskemét, HungaryResearch Group on Bioengineering, Membrane Technology and Energetics, University of Pannonia, Egyetem u. 10, H-8200 Veszprém, HungaryDepartment of Innovative Vehicles and Materials, GAMF Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Computer Science, John von Neumann University, Izsáki út 10, H-6000 Kecskemét, HungaryDepartment of Innovative Vehicles and Materials, GAMF Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Computer Science, John von Neumann University, Izsáki út 10, H-6000 Kecskemét, HungaryDepartment of Applied Sustainability, Széchenyi István University, Egyetem tér 1, H-9026 Győr, HungaryThis study investigates the hydrogen permeability of injection-molded polyamide 6 (PA6) nanocomposites reinforced with organo-modified montmorillonite (OMMT) at varying concentrations (1, 2.5, 5, and 10 wt. %) for potential use as Type IV composite-overwrapped pressure vessel (COPV) liners. While previous work examined their mechanical properties, this study focuses on their crystallinity, morphology, and gas barrier performance. The precise inorganic content was determined using thermal gravimetry analysis (TGA), while differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to characterize the structural and morphological changes induced by varying filler content. The results showed that generally higher OMMT concentrations promoted γ-phase formation but also led to increased agglomeration and reduced crystallinity. The PA6/OMMT-1 wt. % sample stood out with higher crystallinity, well-dispersed clay, and low hydrogen permeability. In contrast, the PA6/OMMT-2.5 and -5 wt. % samples showed increased permeability, which corresponded to WAXD and SEM evidence of agglomeration and DSC results indicating a lower degree of crystallinity. PA6/OMMT-10 wt. % showed the most-reduced hydrogen permeability compared to all other samples. This improvement, however, is attributed to a tortuous path effect created by the high filler loading rather than optimal crystallinity or dispersion. SEM images revealed significant OMMT agglomeration, and DSC analysis confirmed reduced crystallinity, indicating that despite the excellent barrier performance, the compromised microstructure may negatively impact mechanical reliability, showing PA6/OMMT-1 wt. % to be the most balanced candidate combining both mechanical integrity and hydrogen impermeability for Type IV COPV liners.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/15/14/1101hydrogen permeabilitypolyamide 6 nanocompositeorganoclaypressure vesselcrystallinity |
| spellingShingle | Dávid István Kis Pál Hansághy Attila Bata Nándor Nemestóthy Péter Gerse Ferenc Tajti Eszter Kókai Gas Barrier Properties of Organoclay-Reinforced Polyamide 6 Nanocomposite Liners for Type IV Hydrogen Storage Vessels Nanomaterials hydrogen permeability polyamide 6 nanocomposite organoclay pressure vessel crystallinity |
| title | Gas Barrier Properties of Organoclay-Reinforced Polyamide 6 Nanocomposite Liners for Type IV Hydrogen Storage Vessels |
| title_full | Gas Barrier Properties of Organoclay-Reinforced Polyamide 6 Nanocomposite Liners for Type IV Hydrogen Storage Vessels |
| title_fullStr | Gas Barrier Properties of Organoclay-Reinforced Polyamide 6 Nanocomposite Liners for Type IV Hydrogen Storage Vessels |
| title_full_unstemmed | Gas Barrier Properties of Organoclay-Reinforced Polyamide 6 Nanocomposite Liners for Type IV Hydrogen Storage Vessels |
| title_short | Gas Barrier Properties of Organoclay-Reinforced Polyamide 6 Nanocomposite Liners for Type IV Hydrogen Storage Vessels |
| title_sort | gas barrier properties of organoclay reinforced polyamide 6 nanocomposite liners for type iv hydrogen storage vessels |
| topic | hydrogen permeability polyamide 6 nanocomposite organoclay pressure vessel crystallinity |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/15/14/1101 |
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