An Electrochemical Sensor for the Simultaneous Detection of Pb<sup>2+</sup> and Cd<sup>2+</sup> in Contaminated Seawater Based on Intelligent Mobile Detection Devices
Excessive levels of Pb<sup>2+</sup> and Cd<sup>2+</sup> in seawater pose significant combined toxicity to marine organisms, resulting in harmful effects and further threatening human health through biomagnification in the food chain. Traditional methods for detecting marine P...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2025-07-01
|
| Series: | Chemosensors |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9040/13/7/251 |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1839616243704791040 |
|---|---|
| author | Zizi Zhao Wei Qu Chengjun Qiu Yuan Zhuang Kaixuan Chen Yi Qu Huili Hao Wenhao Wang Haozheng Liu Jiahua Su |
| author_facet | Zizi Zhao Wei Qu Chengjun Qiu Yuan Zhuang Kaixuan Chen Yi Qu Huili Hao Wenhao Wang Haozheng Liu Jiahua Su |
| author_sort | Zizi Zhao |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Excessive levels of Pb<sup>2+</sup> and Cd<sup>2+</sup> in seawater pose significant combined toxicity to marine organisms, resulting in harmful effects and further threatening human health through biomagnification in the food chain. Traditional methods for detecting marine Pb<sup>2+</sup> and Cd<sup>2+</sup> rely on laboratory analyses, which are hindered by limitations such as sample degradation during transport and complex operational procedures. In this study, we present an electrochemical sensor based on intelligent mobile detection devices. By combining G-COOH-MWCNTs/ZnO with differential pulse voltammetry, the sensor enables the efficient, simultaneous detection of Pb<sup>2+</sup> and Cd<sup>2+</sup> in seawater. The G-COOH-MWCNTs/ZnO composite film is prepared via drop-coating and is applied to a glassy carbon electrode. The film is characterized using cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy, while Pb<sup>2+</sup> and Cd<sup>2+</sup> are quantified using differential pulse voltammetry. Using a 0.1 mol/L sodium acetate buffer (pH 5.5), a deposition potential of −1.1 V, and an accumulation time of 300 s, a strong linear correlation was observed between the peak response currents of Pb<sup>2+</sup> and Cd<sup>2+</sup> and their concentrations in the range of 25–450 µg/L. The detection limits were 0.535 µg/L for Pb<sup>2+</sup> and 0.354 µg/L for Cd<sup>2+</sup>. The sensor was applied for the analysis of seawater samples from Maowei Sea, achieving recovery rates for Pb<sup>2+</sup> ranging from 97.7% to 103%, and for Cd<sup>2+</sup> from 97% to 106.1%. These results demonstrate that the sensor exhibits high sensitivity and stability, offering a reliable solution for the on-site monitoring of heavy metal contamination in marine environments. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-1e7bcd4f09a64f479af0b9236a25dab8 |
| institution | Matheson Library |
| issn | 2227-9040 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Chemosensors |
| spelling | doaj-art-1e7bcd4f09a64f479af0b9236a25dab82025-07-25T13:18:04ZengMDPI AGChemosensors2227-90402025-07-0113725110.3390/chemosensors13070251An Electrochemical Sensor for the Simultaneous Detection of Pb<sup>2+</sup> and Cd<sup>2+</sup> in Contaminated Seawater Based on Intelligent Mobile Detection DevicesZizi Zhao0Wei Qu1Chengjun Qiu2Yuan Zhuang3Kaixuan Chen4Yi Qu5Huili Hao6Wenhao Wang7Haozheng Liu8Jiahua Su9College of Mechanical and Marine Engineering, Beibu Gulf University, Qinzhou 535011, ChinaGuangxi Key Laboratory of Ocean Engineering Equipment and Technology, Qinzhou 535011, ChinaCollege of Mechanical and Marine Engineering, Beibu Gulf University, Qinzhou 535011, ChinaCollege of Mechanical and Marine Engineering, Beibu Gulf University, Qinzhou 535011, ChinaCollege of Mechanical and Marine Engineering, Beibu Gulf University, Qinzhou 535011, ChinaGuangxi Key Laboratory of Ocean Engineering Equipment and Technology, Qinzhou 535011, ChinaCollege of Mechanical and Marine Engineering, Beibu Gulf University, Qinzhou 535011, ChinaCollege of Mechanical and Marine Engineering, Beibu Gulf University, Qinzhou 535011, ChinaCollege of Mechanical and Marine Engineering, Beibu Gulf University, Qinzhou 535011, ChinaCollege of Mechanical and Marine Engineering, Beibu Gulf University, Qinzhou 535011, ChinaExcessive levels of Pb<sup>2+</sup> and Cd<sup>2+</sup> in seawater pose significant combined toxicity to marine organisms, resulting in harmful effects and further threatening human health through biomagnification in the food chain. Traditional methods for detecting marine Pb<sup>2+</sup> and Cd<sup>2+</sup> rely on laboratory analyses, which are hindered by limitations such as sample degradation during transport and complex operational procedures. In this study, we present an electrochemical sensor based on intelligent mobile detection devices. By combining G-COOH-MWCNTs/ZnO with differential pulse voltammetry, the sensor enables the efficient, simultaneous detection of Pb<sup>2+</sup> and Cd<sup>2+</sup> in seawater. The G-COOH-MWCNTs/ZnO composite film is prepared via drop-coating and is applied to a glassy carbon electrode. The film is characterized using cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy, while Pb<sup>2+</sup> and Cd<sup>2+</sup> are quantified using differential pulse voltammetry. Using a 0.1 mol/L sodium acetate buffer (pH 5.5), a deposition potential of −1.1 V, and an accumulation time of 300 s, a strong linear correlation was observed between the peak response currents of Pb<sup>2+</sup> and Cd<sup>2+</sup> and their concentrations in the range of 25–450 µg/L. The detection limits were 0.535 µg/L for Pb<sup>2+</sup> and 0.354 µg/L for Cd<sup>2+</sup>. The sensor was applied for the analysis of seawater samples from Maowei Sea, achieving recovery rates for Pb<sup>2+</sup> ranging from 97.7% to 103%, and for Cd<sup>2+</sup> from 97% to 106.1%. These results demonstrate that the sensor exhibits high sensitivity and stability, offering a reliable solution for the on-site monitoring of heavy metal contamination in marine environments.https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9040/13/7/251heavy metal ionselectrochemistrysensorssimultaneous detectionintelligent detection |
| spellingShingle | Zizi Zhao Wei Qu Chengjun Qiu Yuan Zhuang Kaixuan Chen Yi Qu Huili Hao Wenhao Wang Haozheng Liu Jiahua Su An Electrochemical Sensor for the Simultaneous Detection of Pb<sup>2+</sup> and Cd<sup>2+</sup> in Contaminated Seawater Based on Intelligent Mobile Detection Devices Chemosensors heavy metal ions electrochemistry sensors simultaneous detection intelligent detection |
| title | An Electrochemical Sensor for the Simultaneous Detection of Pb<sup>2+</sup> and Cd<sup>2+</sup> in Contaminated Seawater Based on Intelligent Mobile Detection Devices |
| title_full | An Electrochemical Sensor for the Simultaneous Detection of Pb<sup>2+</sup> and Cd<sup>2+</sup> in Contaminated Seawater Based on Intelligent Mobile Detection Devices |
| title_fullStr | An Electrochemical Sensor for the Simultaneous Detection of Pb<sup>2+</sup> and Cd<sup>2+</sup> in Contaminated Seawater Based on Intelligent Mobile Detection Devices |
| title_full_unstemmed | An Electrochemical Sensor for the Simultaneous Detection of Pb<sup>2+</sup> and Cd<sup>2+</sup> in Contaminated Seawater Based on Intelligent Mobile Detection Devices |
| title_short | An Electrochemical Sensor for the Simultaneous Detection of Pb<sup>2+</sup> and Cd<sup>2+</sup> in Contaminated Seawater Based on Intelligent Mobile Detection Devices |
| title_sort | electrochemical sensor for the simultaneous detection of pb sup 2 sup and cd sup 2 sup in contaminated seawater based on intelligent mobile detection devices |
| topic | heavy metal ions electrochemistry sensors simultaneous detection intelligent detection |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9040/13/7/251 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT zizizhao anelectrochemicalsensorforthesimultaneousdetectionofpbsup2supandcdsup2supincontaminatedseawaterbasedonintelligentmobiledetectiondevices AT weiqu anelectrochemicalsensorforthesimultaneousdetectionofpbsup2supandcdsup2supincontaminatedseawaterbasedonintelligentmobiledetectiondevices AT chengjunqiu anelectrochemicalsensorforthesimultaneousdetectionofpbsup2supandcdsup2supincontaminatedseawaterbasedonintelligentmobiledetectiondevices AT yuanzhuang anelectrochemicalsensorforthesimultaneousdetectionofpbsup2supandcdsup2supincontaminatedseawaterbasedonintelligentmobiledetectiondevices AT kaixuanchen anelectrochemicalsensorforthesimultaneousdetectionofpbsup2supandcdsup2supincontaminatedseawaterbasedonintelligentmobiledetectiondevices AT yiqu anelectrochemicalsensorforthesimultaneousdetectionofpbsup2supandcdsup2supincontaminatedseawaterbasedonintelligentmobiledetectiondevices AT huilihao anelectrochemicalsensorforthesimultaneousdetectionofpbsup2supandcdsup2supincontaminatedseawaterbasedonintelligentmobiledetectiondevices AT wenhaowang anelectrochemicalsensorforthesimultaneousdetectionofpbsup2supandcdsup2supincontaminatedseawaterbasedonintelligentmobiledetectiondevices AT haozhengliu anelectrochemicalsensorforthesimultaneousdetectionofpbsup2supandcdsup2supincontaminatedseawaterbasedonintelligentmobiledetectiondevices AT jiahuasu anelectrochemicalsensorforthesimultaneousdetectionofpbsup2supandcdsup2supincontaminatedseawaterbasedonintelligentmobiledetectiondevices AT zizizhao electrochemicalsensorforthesimultaneousdetectionofpbsup2supandcdsup2supincontaminatedseawaterbasedonintelligentmobiledetectiondevices AT weiqu electrochemicalsensorforthesimultaneousdetectionofpbsup2supandcdsup2supincontaminatedseawaterbasedonintelligentmobiledetectiondevices AT chengjunqiu electrochemicalsensorforthesimultaneousdetectionofpbsup2supandcdsup2supincontaminatedseawaterbasedonintelligentmobiledetectiondevices AT yuanzhuang electrochemicalsensorforthesimultaneousdetectionofpbsup2supandcdsup2supincontaminatedseawaterbasedonintelligentmobiledetectiondevices AT kaixuanchen electrochemicalsensorforthesimultaneousdetectionofpbsup2supandcdsup2supincontaminatedseawaterbasedonintelligentmobiledetectiondevices AT yiqu electrochemicalsensorforthesimultaneousdetectionofpbsup2supandcdsup2supincontaminatedseawaterbasedonintelligentmobiledetectiondevices AT huilihao electrochemicalsensorforthesimultaneousdetectionofpbsup2supandcdsup2supincontaminatedseawaterbasedonintelligentmobiledetectiondevices AT wenhaowang electrochemicalsensorforthesimultaneousdetectionofpbsup2supandcdsup2supincontaminatedseawaterbasedonintelligentmobiledetectiondevices AT haozhengliu electrochemicalsensorforthesimultaneousdetectionofpbsup2supandcdsup2supincontaminatedseawaterbasedonintelligentmobiledetectiondevices AT jiahuasu electrochemicalsensorforthesimultaneousdetectionofpbsup2supandcdsup2supincontaminatedseawaterbasedonintelligentmobiledetectiondevices |