From Physicochemical Classification to Multidimensional Insights: A Comprehensive Review of Uremic Toxin Research

QR Code

From Physicochemical Classification to Multidimensional Insights: A Comprehensive Review of Uremic Toxin Research

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a global health burden, with uremic toxins (UTs) playing a central role in its pathophysiology. In this review, we systematically examined the evolution of UT classification from the 2003 European Uremic Toxin Work Group (EUTox) system based on molecular weight and pr...

Full description

Saved in:

Bibliographic Details
Main Authors:	Mario Cozzolino, Lorenza Magagnoli, Paola Ciceri
Format:	Article
Language:	English
Published:	MDPI AG 2025-06-01
Series:	Toxins
Subjects:	uremic toxins chronic kidney disease hemodialysis hemoadsorption toxicity mechanisms precision medicine
Online Access:	https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/17/6/295
Tags:	Add Tag No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!

Similar Items

Transport of the uremic toxin symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA) by renal transport proteins
by: Lorenz A. Scherpinski, et al.
Published: (2025-06-01)

Microbial-Derived Uremic Toxins: Role in the Pathogenesis of Comorbidities in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease
by: M. O. Pyatchenkov, et al.
Published: (2023-09-01)

A specifically designed multi-biotic reduces uremic toxin generation and improves kidney function
by: Alice Beau, et al.
Published: (2025-12-01)

Uremic toxins levels are associated with miR-223 in chronic kidney disease-associated anemia
by: Emma Brisot, et al.
Published: (2025-08-01)

Furosemide and Serum Protein-Bound Uremic Toxin Concentrations in Patients With CKD
by: Margaux Costes-Albrespic, et al.
Published: (2025-07-01)

Gut-derived uremic toxins and cardiovascular health in chronic kidney disease
by: Ming-Chun Chen, et al.
Published: (2025-07-01)

Pruritus in Uremic Patients: Approaches to Alleviating a Common Symptom in Chronic Kidney Disease
by: Ștefania Cîrstea, et al.
Published: (2025-06-01)

INM004: Polyclonal Neutralizing Antibodies Against Shiga Toxin as a Treatment for Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome
by: Marta Rivas, et al.
Published: (2025-06-01)

Modern Approaches to the Management of Children with Atypical Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome
by: Khadizha M. Emirova, et al.
Published: (2022-05-01)

Association of Phenylacetylglutamine and Cognitive Impairment in CKD
by: Hélène Levassort, et al.
Published: (2025-08-01)

ATYPICAL HEMOLYTIC-UREMIC SYNDROME IN THE FEMALE PATIENT WITH CONCURRENT MENOMETRORRHAGIA (clinical case)
by: A. V. Pyregov, et al.
Published: (2018-01-01)

Fluorinated Zirconium‐Based Metal‐Organic Frameworks as Novel Sorbents to Improve the Efficacy of Hemodialysis Treatment
by: Fátima Guerrero, et al.
Published: (2025-07-01)

Intestinal microbiota and inflammation in chronic kidney disease
by: T. V. Zueva, et al.
Published: (2021-06-01)

Immune dysfunction in patients with end-stage chronic renal failure
by: U. A. Dostiev, et al.
Published: (2016-12-01)

Clinical characteristic of hemolytic-uremic syndrome in children of Orenburg region
by: E. V. Gunkova, et al.
Published: (2021-06-01)

Calcific uremic arteriolopathy with penile involvement post-kidney transplant
by: Sidharth Anand, et al.
Published: (2025-07-01)

Atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome: pathophysiology, clinical presentation, and treatment strategies
by: Ji Yeon Song
Published: (2025-06-01)

Küresel Olarak Üreme Baskısı
by: Serap Ejder Apay, et al.
Published: (2025-05-01)

Multiplex PCR for Detection of Exfoliative Toxins, and Toxic Shock Syndrome Toxin 1 Genes in MRSA Strains of Clinical Staphylococcus aureus Isolates
by: Suha M. Abed, et al.
Published: (2023-02-01)

Neurological Manifestations of Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome: A Comprehensive Review
by: Una Tonkovic, et al.
Published: (2025-07-01)

Multidimensional Symptom Burden among Patients with Hemodialysis in Indonesia
by: Hinin Wasilah, et al.
Published: (2021-08-01)

Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria masquerading as hemolytic uremic syndrome: a Case Report
by: Menghan Gao, et al.
Published: (2025-07-01)

Kidney transplantation using complement inhibitor in a patient suffering from atypical hemolytic-uremic syndrome associated with factor H antibodies: successful prevention of recurrence of the underlying disease
by: E. I. Prokopenko, et al.
Published: (2020-07-01)

Atypical Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome in a Postoperative Patient: Diagnostic Challenges and Therapeutic Strategies
by: Ayda Fathollah Pour, et al.
Published: (2025-06-01)

Endothelial dysfunction in acute renal injury in children with hemolytic-uremic syndrome (literature review)
by: E. V. Gunkova, et al.
Published: (2021-06-01)

Household transmission and carriage of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) O145, Stx1c: a family report
by: Elif Okumuş, et al.
Published: (2025-07-01)

Effects of Metronidazole on the Fecal Microbiota, Fecal Metabolites, and Serum Metabolites of Healthy Adult Cats
by: Sara E. Martini, et al.
Published: (2025-04-01)

Clinical, Epidemiological, and Immunohematological Profile of Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome in Children Between 6 Months and 12 Years at a Tertiary Care Center in South India
by: Vinushya Selvam, et al.
Published: (2025-06-01)

Atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome in high-risk neuroblastoma patient: case report
by: A. Yu. Smirnova, et al.
Published: (2021-04-01)

The High Correlation Between Survey Assessments for Chronic Kidney Disease-Associated Pruritus, and Its Associations with Clinical Outcomes
by: Huei Hsun Wen, et al.
Published: (2025-04-01)

Specific risk factors for cerebrovascular disorders in patients with chronic kidney disease in the pre-dialysis period
by: A. E. Khrulev, et al.
Published: (2019-06-01)

SUCCESSFUL TREATMENT FOR ATYPICAL HEMOLYTIC UREMIC SYNDROME IN A PUERPERA
by: O. N. Ulitkina, et al.
Published: (2016-01-01)

SOLUBLE ADHESION MOLECULES IN CHILDREN WITH HEMOLYTIC UREMIC SYNDROME
by: T. E. Pankratenko, et al.
Published: (2018-12-01)

Comparing Computational Peritoneal Dialysis Models in Pigs and Patients
by: Sangita Swapnasrita, et al.
Published: (2025-06-01)

Challenges in Diagnostics and Management of Atypical Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome Associated with Acute Intestinal Infection in Adolescent: Clinical Case
by: Tatiana Yu. Eryushova, et al.
Published: (2020-01-01)

Federal Clinical Guidelines on Rendering Help to Children with Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome
by: A. N. Tsygin, et al.
Published: (2015-11-01)

Difficulties in diagnostics of atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome in the intensive care unit
by: N. L. Kozlovskаya, et al.
Published: (2019-09-01)

Difficulties in diagnosing atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome
by: N. V. Fomina, et al.
Published: (2020-01-01)

Jian-Pi-Yi-Shen formula improves kidney function by regulating gut microbiome in rats with chronic kidney disease
by: Yuzhi Wang, et al.
Published: (2025-07-01)

Carcinogenesis Associated with Toxin Nephropathy: Proposed Mediation by Phosphate Toxicity
by: Ronald B. Brown, et al.
Published: (2025-06-01)