Performance Evaluation of IM/DD FSO Communication System Under Dust Storm Conditions
Free-space optical (FSO) communication is a promising high-capacity solution for future wireless networks, particularly for backhaul and fronthaul links in 5G and emerging 6G systems. However, it remains highly vulnerable to environmental impairment, especially in arid regions prone to dust storms....
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MDPI AG
2025-07-01
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| author | Maged Abdullah Esmail |
| author_facet | Maged Abdullah Esmail |
| author_sort | Maged Abdullah Esmail |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Free-space optical (FSO) communication is a promising high-capacity solution for future wireless networks, particularly for backhaul and fronthaul links in 5G and emerging 6G systems. However, it remains highly vulnerable to environmental impairment, especially in arid regions prone to dust storms. While prior studies have addressed atmospheric effects such as fog and turbulence, the specific impact of dust on signal performance remains insufficiently explored. This work presents a probabilistic modeling framework for evaluating the performance of an intensity modulation/direct detection (IM/DD) FSO system under dust storm conditions. Using a controlled laboratory environment, we conducted measurements of the optical signal under dust-induced channel conditions using real-world dust samples collected from an actual dust storm. We identified the Beta distribution as the most accurate model for the measured signal fluctuations. Closed-form expressions were derived for average bit error rate (BER), outage probability, and channel capacity. The close agreement between the analytical, approximate, and simulated results validates the proposed model as a reliable tool for evaluating FSO system performance. The results show that the forward error correction (FEC) BER threshold of <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msup><mn>10</mn><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>3</mn></mrow></msup></semantics></math></inline-formula> is achieved at approximately 10.5 dB, and the outage probability drops below <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msup><mn>10</mn><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>3</mn></mrow></msup></semantics></math></inline-formula> at 10 dB average SNR. |
| format | Article |
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| institution | Matheson Library |
| issn | 2227-7080 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Technologies |
| spelling | doaj-art-1b9a1b68c38a4d55a85fde240e32c3692025-07-25T13:37:19ZengMDPI AGTechnologies2227-70802025-07-0113728810.3390/technologies13070288Performance Evaluation of IM/DD FSO Communication System Under Dust Storm ConditionsMaged Abdullah Esmail0Communications and Networks Engineering Department and Smart Systems Engineering Laboratory, Prince Sultan University, Riyadh 11586, Saudi ArabiaFree-space optical (FSO) communication is a promising high-capacity solution for future wireless networks, particularly for backhaul and fronthaul links in 5G and emerging 6G systems. However, it remains highly vulnerable to environmental impairment, especially in arid regions prone to dust storms. While prior studies have addressed atmospheric effects such as fog and turbulence, the specific impact of dust on signal performance remains insufficiently explored. This work presents a probabilistic modeling framework for evaluating the performance of an intensity modulation/direct detection (IM/DD) FSO system under dust storm conditions. Using a controlled laboratory environment, we conducted measurements of the optical signal under dust-induced channel conditions using real-world dust samples collected from an actual dust storm. We identified the Beta distribution as the most accurate model for the measured signal fluctuations. Closed-form expressions were derived for average bit error rate (BER), outage probability, and channel capacity. The close agreement between the analytical, approximate, and simulated results validates the proposed model as a reliable tool for evaluating FSO system performance. The results show that the forward error correction (FEC) BER threshold of <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msup><mn>10</mn><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>3</mn></mrow></msup></semantics></math></inline-formula> is achieved at approximately 10.5 dB, and the outage probability drops below <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msup><mn>10</mn><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>3</mn></mrow></msup></semantics></math></inline-formula> at 10 dB average SNR.https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7080/13/7/288FSOdust storm fading6G backhaulchannel capacityprobabilistic channel modeling |
| spellingShingle | Maged Abdullah Esmail Performance Evaluation of IM/DD FSO Communication System Under Dust Storm Conditions Technologies FSO dust storm fading 6G backhaul channel capacity probabilistic channel modeling |
| title | Performance Evaluation of IM/DD FSO Communication System Under Dust Storm Conditions |
| title_full | Performance Evaluation of IM/DD FSO Communication System Under Dust Storm Conditions |
| title_fullStr | Performance Evaluation of IM/DD FSO Communication System Under Dust Storm Conditions |
| title_full_unstemmed | Performance Evaluation of IM/DD FSO Communication System Under Dust Storm Conditions |
| title_short | Performance Evaluation of IM/DD FSO Communication System Under Dust Storm Conditions |
| title_sort | performance evaluation of im dd fso communication system under dust storm conditions |
| topic | FSO dust storm fading 6G backhaul channel capacity probabilistic channel modeling |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7080/13/7/288 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT magedabdullahesmail performanceevaluationofimddfsocommunicationsystemunderduststormconditions |