Emerging Noninvasive Biomolecular Checkpoints for Healthy Microbiomes
Dysbiosis commonly impacts otherwise healthy individuals over the age of 50 due to seemingly innocuous changes in diet, hydration, or physical activity. Noninvasive biomarkers are emerging as checkpoints for immune health, energy-yielding metabolization, and oxidative stress during the aging process...
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| Main Authors: | , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Wiley
2025-01-01
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| Series: | Advanced Gut & Microbiome Research |
| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/agm3/4258657 |
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| Summary: | Dysbiosis commonly impacts otherwise healthy individuals over the age of 50 due to seemingly innocuous changes in diet, hydration, or physical activity. Noninvasive biomarkers are emerging as checkpoints for immune health, energy-yielding metabolization, and oxidative stress during the aging process. These biomarkers work individually and collectively to detect dysbiosis, injuries, and infections, providing opportunities for earlier interventions with greater certainty of a positive long-term outcome. Measurements of C-reactive protein (CRP), white blood cells (WBCs), and neutrophil elastase are reliable biomarkers of persistent immune response. The absence of urinary bikunin is an accurate measure of immune system recovery during injuries, surgeries, and infections. Oxidative stress by-products of 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE), such as HNE–albumin adduct, allow assessing immune exhaustion and poor cell oxygenation. Overwhelming the immune system reduces the ability of monocytes (CD14) to transform into macrophages and impairs the energy-yielding metabolism signaling of adipokines, lowering the ability to improve cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) or achieve significant weight loss. Bacterial endotoxins in urine are reliable indicators of ongoing infections and dysbiosis of the gut. Efficient gut microbiome health is predicted by dietary metabolites spilled into urine such as β-hydroxybutyrate, 2-methylbutyrate, 1,5-anhydroglucitol, enterolactone, enterodiol, carboxy-4-methyl-5-propyl-2-furanpropanoic acid, p-cresol, hydroxytyrosol, ethyl glucuronide, and F2-isoprostane and with blood markers like ferritin, homocysteine, and total cysteine. Vitamins B12 and D and folate are also key biomarkers that can monitor nutrient absorption during the aging process. |
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| ISSN: | 2755-1652 |