Biomarkers in the Pathogenesis of Heart Failure with Preserved as Well as Reduced Ejection Fraction: A Cross-sectional Study
Background and Aim: Heart failure (HF) is a multifaceted cardiovascular condition characterized by various pathophysiological mechanisms that lead to impaired ventricular structure or function. Diagnosing HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) and reduced EF (HFrEF) presents significant challen...
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| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Galenos Publishing House
2025-06-01
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| Series: | International Journal of the Cardiovascular Academy |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://ijcva.org/articles/biomarkers-in-the-pathogenesis-of-heart-failure-with-preserved-as-well-as-reduced-ejection-fraction-a-cross-sectional-study/doi/ijca.2025.78309 |
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