Biomarkers in the Pathogenesis of Heart Failure with Preserved as Well as Reduced Ejection Fraction: A Cross-sectional Study

Background and Aim: Heart failure (HF) is a multifaceted cardiovascular condition characterized by various pathophysiological mechanisms that lead to impaired ventricular structure or function. Diagnosing HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) and reduced EF (HFrEF) presents significant challen...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Sowmiya Thiyagarajan, Jasmine Chandra A., Karthikeyan Rajamani, Santhi Silambanan
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Galenos Publishing House 2025-06-01
Series:International Journal of the Cardiovascular Academy
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Online Access:https://ijcva.org/articles/biomarkers-in-the-pathogenesis-of-heart-failure-with-preserved-as-well-as-reduced-ejection-fraction-a-cross-sectional-study/doi/ijca.2025.78309
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