Effects of elasticity distribution on pressure and breast displacement for sports bras based on numerical simulation
Sports bras knitted with high-Young’s modulus materials are effective in reducing the range of breast movement (ROM), but also increase the contact pressure to the body, leading to discomfort or even body injury. Elasticity distribution was found to be a factor influencing both pressure and ROM, how...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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SAGE Publishing
2025-07-01
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| Series: | Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1177/15589250251352043 |
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| author | Xiaofang Liu Yue Sun Xiaofen Ji Kit-lun Yick Liling Cai |
| author_facet | Xiaofang Liu Yue Sun Xiaofen Ji Kit-lun Yick Liling Cai |
| author_sort | Xiaofang Liu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Sports bras knitted with high-Young’s modulus materials are effective in reducing the range of breast movement (ROM), but also increase the contact pressure to the body, leading to discomfort or even body injury. Elasticity distribution was found to be a factor influencing both pressure and ROM, however, the mechanism has yet to be studied, limiting its application in the sports bra industry. This study aimed to investigate the quantitative relationships between Young’s modulus of different parts (C, S f , S b , B, U) and the performance metrics of sports bras in pressure and ROM for the optimization of both performance. A finite element (FE) model was developed to simulate the dynamic peak pressure at four test points and ROM for sports bras with different elasticity distributions during exercise. Based on which, a regression model was formed and the sensitivity factors (φ) were ranked through 2 5 full factorial analysis. The results revealed that the influence of Young’s modulus of each part varied with the pressure test points and the directions of ROM. Notably, the effect on pressure varied based on the placement of the test point relative to the part of sports bra. P 1 , P 2 , and P 4 were greatly influenced by Young’s modulus of the part covering the test point and the parts nearby, whereas P 3 was mainly influenced by U. The effect on ROM predominantly depended on S f , C, and U rather than S b and B. Therefore, the elasticity distribution design with relatively low S b and B, relatively high S f and U, and appropriate C was recommended to optimize both performances. These findings provide novel information for optimizing pressure comfort and breast support performance of sports bras, which is hoped to sever as a valuable reference for sports bra industry. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-0a6f996736c04e7b9a6e2228b5d111d0 |
| institution | Matheson Library |
| issn | 1558-9250 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-07-01 |
| publisher | SAGE Publishing |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics |
| spelling | doaj-art-0a6f996736c04e7b9a6e2228b5d111d02025-07-31T10:03:44ZengSAGE PublishingJournal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics1558-92502025-07-012010.1177/15589250251352043Effects of elasticity distribution on pressure and breast displacement for sports bras based on numerical simulationXiaofang Liu0Yue Sun1Xiaofen Ji2Kit-lun Yick3Liling Cai4College of Art, Jinling Institute of Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, ChinaSchool of Fashion Design and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, ChinaChina National Silk Museum, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, ChinaSchool of Fashion & Textiles, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, ChinaSchool of Fashion Design and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, ChinaSports bras knitted with high-Young’s modulus materials are effective in reducing the range of breast movement (ROM), but also increase the contact pressure to the body, leading to discomfort or even body injury. Elasticity distribution was found to be a factor influencing both pressure and ROM, however, the mechanism has yet to be studied, limiting its application in the sports bra industry. This study aimed to investigate the quantitative relationships between Young’s modulus of different parts (C, S f , S b , B, U) and the performance metrics of sports bras in pressure and ROM for the optimization of both performance. A finite element (FE) model was developed to simulate the dynamic peak pressure at four test points and ROM for sports bras with different elasticity distributions during exercise. Based on which, a regression model was formed and the sensitivity factors (φ) were ranked through 2 5 full factorial analysis. The results revealed that the influence of Young’s modulus of each part varied with the pressure test points and the directions of ROM. Notably, the effect on pressure varied based on the placement of the test point relative to the part of sports bra. P 1 , P 2 , and P 4 were greatly influenced by Young’s modulus of the part covering the test point and the parts nearby, whereas P 3 was mainly influenced by U. The effect on ROM predominantly depended on S f , C, and U rather than S b and B. Therefore, the elasticity distribution design with relatively low S b and B, relatively high S f and U, and appropriate C was recommended to optimize both performances. These findings provide novel information for optimizing pressure comfort and breast support performance of sports bras, which is hoped to sever as a valuable reference for sports bra industry.https://doi.org/10.1177/15589250251352043 |
| spellingShingle | Xiaofang Liu Yue Sun Xiaofen Ji Kit-lun Yick Liling Cai Effects of elasticity distribution on pressure and breast displacement for sports bras based on numerical simulation Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics |
| title | Effects of elasticity distribution on pressure and breast displacement for sports bras based on numerical simulation |
| title_full | Effects of elasticity distribution on pressure and breast displacement for sports bras based on numerical simulation |
| title_fullStr | Effects of elasticity distribution on pressure and breast displacement for sports bras based on numerical simulation |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effects of elasticity distribution on pressure and breast displacement for sports bras based on numerical simulation |
| title_short | Effects of elasticity distribution on pressure and breast displacement for sports bras based on numerical simulation |
| title_sort | effects of elasticity distribution on pressure and breast displacement for sports bras based on numerical simulation |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1177/15589250251352043 |
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