Exploration of a Postbiotic Derived from <i>Enterococcus faecium</i> HDRsEf1 and Its Probiotic Mechanisms
This study aimed to identify the heat-resistant bioactive components of <i>Enterococcus faecium</i> HDRsEf1 (HDRsEf1) and investigate their beneficial mechanism. Heat-treated culture supernatants of HDRsEf1 significantly suppressed <i>CXCL-1</i> expression in LPS-stimulated M...
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2025-06-01
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| author | Yingying Chen Yingting You Lizhen Ren Guilin Fu Naiji Zhou Yuncai Xiao Deshi Shi |
| author_facet | Yingying Chen Yingting You Lizhen Ren Guilin Fu Naiji Zhou Yuncai Xiao Deshi Shi |
| author_sort | Yingying Chen |
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| description | This study aimed to identify the heat-resistant bioactive components of <i>Enterococcus faecium</i> HDRsEf1 (HDRsEf1) and investigate their beneficial mechanism. Heat-treated culture supernatants of HDRsEf1 significantly suppressed <i>CXCL-1</i> expression in LPS-stimulated MODE-K cells (<i>p</i> < 0.001), indicating the presence of heat-resistant anti-inflammatory components. Crude protein (P-Ef1) and crude expolysaccharide (EPS-Ef1) were isolated from an HDRsEf1 culture supernatant using ammonium sulfate and ethanal precipitation. Critically, only crude EPS-Ef1 retained an anti-inflammatory effect after heat treatment, while crude P-Ef1 lost this activity. Further investigation revealed that crude EPS-Ef1 (25 μg/mL) promoted MODE-K cell proliferation via EdU assays (<i>p</i> < 0.001), potentially through an upregulation of <i>PCNA</i> mRNA expression (<i>p</i> < 0.001). Animal studies demonstrated that an oral administration of crude EPS-Ef1 (4 mg/kg bw, 14 days) significantly increased body weight gain and jejunal crypt depth (<i>p</i> < 0.05) while reducing intestinal <i>CXCL-1</i> mRNA levels (<i>p</i> < 0.001). These in vivo findings are consistent with in vitro observations. A structural analysis using HPAEC and SEC-MALLS-RI characterized crude EPS-Ef1 as a heteropolysaccharide (Mw 80.3 kDa) with a near-spherical conformation (slope 0.13) composed of mannose, glucose, glucuronic acid, and galactose (5.4:4.4:1.2:1). In summary, this study identifies crude EPS-Ef1 as the heat-resistant postbiotic component. Crude EPS-Ef1 possesses the dual effects of suppressing intestinal inflammation and promoting intestinal epithelial cell proliferation, which provides a theoretical foundation for a crude EPS-Ef1-based postbiotic. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-09a6fd77828b47959b3bf7fbb6be133d |
| institution | Matheson Library |
| issn | 2076-2607 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Microorganisms |
| spelling | doaj-art-09a6fd77828b47959b3bf7fbb6be133d2025-07-25T13:30:58ZengMDPI AGMicroorganisms2076-26072025-06-01137151810.3390/microorganisms13071518Exploration of a Postbiotic Derived from <i>Enterococcus faecium</i> HDRsEf1 and Its Probiotic MechanismsYingying Chen0Yingting You1Lizhen Ren2Guilin Fu3Naiji Zhou4Yuncai Xiao5Deshi Shi6State Key Laboratory of Agriculture Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Agriculture Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Agriculture Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Agriculture Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Agriculture Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Agriculture Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Agriculture Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, ChinaThis study aimed to identify the heat-resistant bioactive components of <i>Enterococcus faecium</i> HDRsEf1 (HDRsEf1) and investigate their beneficial mechanism. Heat-treated culture supernatants of HDRsEf1 significantly suppressed <i>CXCL-1</i> expression in LPS-stimulated MODE-K cells (<i>p</i> < 0.001), indicating the presence of heat-resistant anti-inflammatory components. Crude protein (P-Ef1) and crude expolysaccharide (EPS-Ef1) were isolated from an HDRsEf1 culture supernatant using ammonium sulfate and ethanal precipitation. Critically, only crude EPS-Ef1 retained an anti-inflammatory effect after heat treatment, while crude P-Ef1 lost this activity. Further investigation revealed that crude EPS-Ef1 (25 μg/mL) promoted MODE-K cell proliferation via EdU assays (<i>p</i> < 0.001), potentially through an upregulation of <i>PCNA</i> mRNA expression (<i>p</i> < 0.001). Animal studies demonstrated that an oral administration of crude EPS-Ef1 (4 mg/kg bw, 14 days) significantly increased body weight gain and jejunal crypt depth (<i>p</i> < 0.05) while reducing intestinal <i>CXCL-1</i> mRNA levels (<i>p</i> < 0.001). These in vivo findings are consistent with in vitro observations. A structural analysis using HPAEC and SEC-MALLS-RI characterized crude EPS-Ef1 as a heteropolysaccharide (Mw 80.3 kDa) with a near-spherical conformation (slope 0.13) composed of mannose, glucose, glucuronic acid, and galactose (5.4:4.4:1.2:1). In summary, this study identifies crude EPS-Ef1 as the heat-resistant postbiotic component. Crude EPS-Ef1 possesses the dual effects of suppressing intestinal inflammation and promoting intestinal epithelial cell proliferation, which provides a theoretical foundation for a crude EPS-Ef1-based postbiotic.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/13/7/1518<i>Enterococcus faecium</i> HDRsEf1exopolysaccharidesintestinal inflammationcell proliferationpostbiotic<i>CXCL-1</i> |
| spellingShingle | Yingying Chen Yingting You Lizhen Ren Guilin Fu Naiji Zhou Yuncai Xiao Deshi Shi Exploration of a Postbiotic Derived from <i>Enterococcus faecium</i> HDRsEf1 and Its Probiotic Mechanisms Microorganisms <i>Enterococcus faecium</i> HDRsEf1 exopolysaccharides intestinal inflammation cell proliferation postbiotic <i>CXCL-1</i> |
| title | Exploration of a Postbiotic Derived from <i>Enterococcus faecium</i> HDRsEf1 and Its Probiotic Mechanisms |
| title_full | Exploration of a Postbiotic Derived from <i>Enterococcus faecium</i> HDRsEf1 and Its Probiotic Mechanisms |
| title_fullStr | Exploration of a Postbiotic Derived from <i>Enterococcus faecium</i> HDRsEf1 and Its Probiotic Mechanisms |
| title_full_unstemmed | Exploration of a Postbiotic Derived from <i>Enterococcus faecium</i> HDRsEf1 and Its Probiotic Mechanisms |
| title_short | Exploration of a Postbiotic Derived from <i>Enterococcus faecium</i> HDRsEf1 and Its Probiotic Mechanisms |
| title_sort | exploration of a postbiotic derived from i enterococcus faecium i hdrsef1 and its probiotic mechanisms |
| topic | <i>Enterococcus faecium</i> HDRsEf1 exopolysaccharides intestinal inflammation cell proliferation postbiotic <i>CXCL-1</i> |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/13/7/1518 |
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