Investigating STLV-1 infection in African green monkeys: a model for understanding HTLV-1 pathogenesis

Investigating STLV-1 infection in African green monkeys: a model for understanding HTLV-1 pathogenesis

IntroductionSimian T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (STLV-1) and human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) are homologous viruses with high genetic identity. STLV-1 infections in non-human primates serve as valuable models to study HTLV-1 pathogenesis.MethodsThis study investigated STLV-1 infection in...

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Main Authors: Víctor Â. Folgosi, Liliane A. Carneiro, Sabri S. Sanabani, Felipe B. Freitas, Mayara N. S. da Silva, Amanda L. Silva, Gerlane N. Noronha, Ariela S. Farias, Hebert F. Culler, Carlos F. Apoliano, Luciano Lopes, Juliana Pereira, Luís Alberto P. C. Lage, Igor B. Costa, Camila M. Romano, Shirley V. Komninakis, Jorge Casseb
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-06-01
Series:Frontiers in Medicine
Subjects:
HTLV-1
STLV-1
ATLL
adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma
Chlorocebus aethiops
Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmed.2025.1616406/full
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Summary:IntroductionSimian T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (STLV-1) and human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) are homologous viruses with high genetic identity. STLV-1 infections in non-human primates serve as valuable models to study HTLV-1 pathogenesis.MethodsThis study investigated STLV-1 infection in captive green monkeys (Chlorocebus aethiops) in Brazil. Blood samples from 52 animals were collected and analyzed for viral presence, genetic characterization, and pathological manifestations.ResultsSTLV-1 infection was detected in seven animals, corresponding to a seroprevalence of 13.4%. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the STLV-1 strains identified are more closely related to baboon STLV-1 strains and human African HTLV-1 isolates than to other STLV-1 variants, suggesting a shared evolutionary history and possible cross-species transmission. Clinically and hematologically, STLV-1 infection in C. aethiops presented parallels to HTLV-1 infection in humans, including the presence of characteristic “flower cells” and similar lymphoproliferative disorders.DiscussionThese findings reinforce the relevance of C. aethiops as a natural model for studying HTLV-1 infection and pathogenesis. The genetic and clinical similarities indicate potential mechanisms of viral evolution and transmission, providing insights that may aid in understanding HTLV-1-associated diseases in humans.
ISSN:2296-858X

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