Screening of High-Yield 2-Phenylethanol Producing Strain from Wild-Type <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> and Optimization of Fermentation Parameters
2-Phenylethanol (2-PE), an aromatic alcohol with a rose-like fragrance, is widely used in the food, pharmaceutical, and high-end cosmetic industries. In this study, a high-yield 2-PE-producing strain was isolated and identified as <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> based on morphological ch...
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2025-07-01
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| Series: | Foods |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/14/14/2444 |
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| Summary: | 2-Phenylethanol (2-PE), an aromatic alcohol with a rose-like fragrance, is widely used in the food, pharmaceutical, and high-end cosmetic industries. In this study, a high-yield 2-PE-producing strain was isolated and identified as <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> based on morphological characterization and taxonomic identification. Fermentation medium components (carbon and nitrogen sources) were optimized through single-factor experiments in shaking flasks, and fermentation medium with 40 g/L glucose, 5 g/L malt extract, 1.75 g/L corn steep liquor, 2.5 g/L yeast extract, 5 g/L malt extract, 1.75 g/L corn steep liquor was considered suitable for 2-PE production. RT-qPCR results indicated that corn steep liquor activates expression of genes related to the shikimate pathway and Ehrlich pathway (<i>pha2</i>, <i>aro4</i>, <i>aro8</i>, and <i>aro9</i>), thereby promoting the synthesis of 2-PE through these pathways. Excess yeast extract inhibited the expression of <i>aro8</i> and <i>aro9</i>, while enhancing the expression of <i>tdh3</i> and <i>adh2</i>, thus promoting the de novo synthesis of 2-PE. Furthermore, fermentation in a 5 L bioreactor was applied to investigate the effects of feeding strategies, inoculum proportion, and pH on 2-PE production. With a pH of 5.5 and10% inoculum proportion, the supplementation of the substrate L-Phe led to a 2-PE production of 4.81 g/L after 24 h of fermentation. Finally, in situ product recovery (ISPR) techniques was applied to alleviate 2-PE cytotoxicity, achieving a production of 6.41 g/L. This process offers a promising strategy for producing 2-PE efficiently and naturally, paving the way for further industrial applications in food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic sectors. |
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| ISSN: | 2304-8158 |