Application of respiratory muscle training for improved intermittent exercise performance in team sports: a narrative review
Since traditional, sport-specific training or exercise programs lack sufficient stimulus to improve the function of the respiratory muscle, the rationale for integrating additional respiratory muscle training (RMT) emerged. RMT has the potential to improve intermittent exercise performance in team s...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2025-07-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Sports and Active Living |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fspor.2025.1632207/full |
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| author | Tomasz Kowalski Gabriel Dias Rodrigues Gabriel Dias Rodrigues Michele Zanini Michele Zanini |
| author_facet | Tomasz Kowalski Gabriel Dias Rodrigues Gabriel Dias Rodrigues Michele Zanini Michele Zanini |
| author_sort | Tomasz Kowalski |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Since traditional, sport-specific training or exercise programs lack sufficient stimulus to improve the function of the respiratory muscle, the rationale for integrating additional respiratory muscle training (RMT) emerged. RMT has the potential to improve intermittent exercise performance in team sports athletes, as proven in multiple studies. This narrative review aims to provide coaches with tools to select the appropriate form of RMT, tailored to the athletes’ needs, using appropriate diagnostic methods, intervention protocols, and devices. Common protocols may include performing 30 inspiratory maneuvers twice a day, five days a week, with resistance-based trainers or engaging in 20–40 min of vigorous ventilation with isocapnic devices every other day. Most of the interventions that positively influence intermittent exercise performance employed inspiratory pressure threshold loading, lasted 6–8 weeks, and relied on a high frequency of training sessions, progressive overload, and relatively high initial resistance (starting intensity). Less-investigated RMT methods, such as tapered flow resistive loading or voluntary isocapnic hyperpnea, should be analyzed in the context of intermittent exercise performance. Moreover, further research addressing RMT and hypoxia, between-gender differences, and athletes with disabilities seems warranted. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-03ff23bcda5c46df9a7cce9259a3f2c0 |
| institution | Matheson Library |
| issn | 2624-9367 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-07-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Sports and Active Living |
| spelling | doaj-art-03ff23bcda5c46df9a7cce9259a3f2c02025-07-15T05:24:59ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Sports and Active Living2624-93672025-07-01710.3389/fspor.2025.16322071632207Application of respiratory muscle training for improved intermittent exercise performance in team sports: a narrative reviewTomasz Kowalski0Gabriel Dias Rodrigues1Gabriel Dias Rodrigues2Michele Zanini3Michele Zanini4Institute of Sport, National Research Institute, Warsaw, PolandLaboratory of Experimental and Applied Microbiology, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, BrazilDepartment of Clinical and Community Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milan, Milan, ItalySchool of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United KingdomSchool of Education, Childhood, Youth and Sport, Faculty of Wellbeing, Education and Language Studies, The Open University, Milton Keynes, United KingdomSince traditional, sport-specific training or exercise programs lack sufficient stimulus to improve the function of the respiratory muscle, the rationale for integrating additional respiratory muscle training (RMT) emerged. RMT has the potential to improve intermittent exercise performance in team sports athletes, as proven in multiple studies. This narrative review aims to provide coaches with tools to select the appropriate form of RMT, tailored to the athletes’ needs, using appropriate diagnostic methods, intervention protocols, and devices. Common protocols may include performing 30 inspiratory maneuvers twice a day, five days a week, with resistance-based trainers or engaging in 20–40 min of vigorous ventilation with isocapnic devices every other day. Most of the interventions that positively influence intermittent exercise performance employed inspiratory pressure threshold loading, lasted 6–8 weeks, and relied on a high frequency of training sessions, progressive overload, and relatively high initial resistance (starting intensity). Less-investigated RMT methods, such as tapered flow resistive loading or voluntary isocapnic hyperpnea, should be analyzed in the context of intermittent exercise performance. Moreover, further research addressing RMT and hypoxia, between-gender differences, and athletes with disabilities seems warranted.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fspor.2025.1632207/fullrespiratory muscle trainingrepeated sprint abilityyo-yo testfootballrugbysoccer |
| spellingShingle | Tomasz Kowalski Gabriel Dias Rodrigues Gabriel Dias Rodrigues Michele Zanini Michele Zanini Application of respiratory muscle training for improved intermittent exercise performance in team sports: a narrative review Frontiers in Sports and Active Living respiratory muscle training repeated sprint ability yo-yo test football rugby soccer |
| title | Application of respiratory muscle training for improved intermittent exercise performance in team sports: a narrative review |
| title_full | Application of respiratory muscle training for improved intermittent exercise performance in team sports: a narrative review |
| title_fullStr | Application of respiratory muscle training for improved intermittent exercise performance in team sports: a narrative review |
| title_full_unstemmed | Application of respiratory muscle training for improved intermittent exercise performance in team sports: a narrative review |
| title_short | Application of respiratory muscle training for improved intermittent exercise performance in team sports: a narrative review |
| title_sort | application of respiratory muscle training for improved intermittent exercise performance in team sports a narrative review |
| topic | respiratory muscle training repeated sprint ability yo-yo test football rugby soccer |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fspor.2025.1632207/full |
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