Surveillance of Respiratory Pathogens Among Rapid Diagnostic Test-Negative Acute Respiratory Infection Patients in Myanmar in 2023, with a Focus on Rhinovirus and Enterovirus Genotyping
This study explored the distribution and genetic characteristics of respiratory pathogens in outpatients with acute respiratory infections (ARIs) in Yangon, Myanmar, during the 2023 rainy season. Among 267 patients who tested negative for influenza, RSV, and SARS-CoV-2 using rapid diagnostic tests,...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2025-06-01
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| Series: | Viruses |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/17/6/860 |
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| author | Yuyang Sun Tsutomu Tamura Yadanar Kyaw Swe Setk Moe Myat Aye Htay Htay Tin Su Mon Kyaw Win Jiaming Li Tri Bayu Purnama Irina Chon Keita Wagatsuma Hisami Watanabe Reiko Saito |
| author_facet | Yuyang Sun Tsutomu Tamura Yadanar Kyaw Swe Setk Moe Myat Aye Htay Htay Tin Su Mon Kyaw Win Jiaming Li Tri Bayu Purnama Irina Chon Keita Wagatsuma Hisami Watanabe Reiko Saito |
| author_sort | Yuyang Sun |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This study explored the distribution and genetic characteristics of respiratory pathogens in outpatients with acute respiratory infections (ARIs) in Yangon, Myanmar, during the 2023 rainy season. Among 267 patients who tested negative for influenza, RSV, and SARS-CoV-2 using rapid diagnostic tests, 84.6% were positive for at least one pathogen according to a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay, the BioFire<sup>®</sup> FilmArray<sup>®</sup> Respiratory Panel 2.1. The most common viruses detected were rhinovirus/enterovirus (RV/EV) at 37.8%, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) at 22.4%, and human metapneumovirus (hMPV) at 10.0%. These pathogens co-circulated mainly from July to September, with RV/EV consistently predominant. Symptom comparison among RV/EV-, RSV-, and hMPV-infected patients showed similar clinical features, though fever was more common in hMPV cases. Among RV/EV-positive patients, 59.3% had single infections, while 40.7% experienced co-infections, especially with RSV and adenovirus. Genotyping identified 28 types from five species, primarily RV-A and RV-C, which were genetically diverse. One EV-D68 case was also found, emphasizing its potential risk. This study underscores the genetic diversity and clinical impact of RV/EV and stresses the importance of ongoing molecular surveillance in Myanmar’s post-COVID-19 context to inform effective public health responses. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-032f3ad7b2a4426d81d7530f6684dd9c |
| institution | Matheson Library |
| issn | 1999-4915 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Viruses |
| spelling | doaj-art-032f3ad7b2a4426d81d7530f6684dd9c2025-06-25T14:31:11ZengMDPI AGViruses1999-49152025-06-0117686010.3390/v17060860Surveillance of Respiratory Pathogens Among Rapid Diagnostic Test-Negative Acute Respiratory Infection Patients in Myanmar in 2023, with a Focus on Rhinovirus and Enterovirus GenotypingYuyang Sun0Tsutomu Tamura1Yadanar Kyaw2Swe Setk3Moe Myat Aye4Htay Htay Tin5Su Mon Kyaw Win6Jiaming Li7Tri Bayu Purnama8Irina Chon9Keita Wagatsuma10Hisami Watanabe11Reiko Saito12Division of International Health (Public Health), Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8510, JapanInfectious Diseases Research Center of Niigata University in Myanmar, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8510, JapanRespiratory Medicine Department, Thingangyun Sanpya General Hospital, Yangon 110-71, MyanmarNational Health Laboratory, Department of Medical Services, Dagon Township, Yangon 111-91, MyanmarNational Health Laboratory, Department of Medical Services, Dagon Township, Yangon 111-91, MyanmarUniversity of Medical Technology, Yangon 110-12, MyanmarInfectious Diseases Research Center of Niigata University in Myanmar, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8510, JapanDivision of International Health (Public Health), Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8510, JapanDivision of International Health (Public Health), Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8510, JapanDivision of International Health (Public Health), Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8510, JapanDivision of International Health (Public Health), Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8510, JapanInfectious Diseases Research Center of Niigata University in Myanmar, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8510, JapanDivision of International Health (Public Health), Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8510, JapanThis study explored the distribution and genetic characteristics of respiratory pathogens in outpatients with acute respiratory infections (ARIs) in Yangon, Myanmar, during the 2023 rainy season. Among 267 patients who tested negative for influenza, RSV, and SARS-CoV-2 using rapid diagnostic tests, 84.6% were positive for at least one pathogen according to a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay, the BioFire<sup>®</sup> FilmArray<sup>®</sup> Respiratory Panel 2.1. The most common viruses detected were rhinovirus/enterovirus (RV/EV) at 37.8%, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) at 22.4%, and human metapneumovirus (hMPV) at 10.0%. These pathogens co-circulated mainly from July to September, with RV/EV consistently predominant. Symptom comparison among RV/EV-, RSV-, and hMPV-infected patients showed similar clinical features, though fever was more common in hMPV cases. Among RV/EV-positive patients, 59.3% had single infections, while 40.7% experienced co-infections, especially with RSV and adenovirus. Genotyping identified 28 types from five species, primarily RV-A and RV-C, which were genetically diverse. One EV-D68 case was also found, emphasizing its potential risk. This study underscores the genetic diversity and clinical impact of RV/EV and stresses the importance of ongoing molecular surveillance in Myanmar’s post-COVID-19 context to inform effective public health responses.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/17/6/860rhinovirusenterovirusmolecular epidemiologyacute respiratory infectionCOVID-19 pandemic |
| spellingShingle | Yuyang Sun Tsutomu Tamura Yadanar Kyaw Swe Setk Moe Myat Aye Htay Htay Tin Su Mon Kyaw Win Jiaming Li Tri Bayu Purnama Irina Chon Keita Wagatsuma Hisami Watanabe Reiko Saito Surveillance of Respiratory Pathogens Among Rapid Diagnostic Test-Negative Acute Respiratory Infection Patients in Myanmar in 2023, with a Focus on Rhinovirus and Enterovirus Genotyping Viruses rhinovirus enterovirus molecular epidemiology acute respiratory infection COVID-19 pandemic |
| title | Surveillance of Respiratory Pathogens Among Rapid Diagnostic Test-Negative Acute Respiratory Infection Patients in Myanmar in 2023, with a Focus on Rhinovirus and Enterovirus Genotyping |
| title_full | Surveillance of Respiratory Pathogens Among Rapid Diagnostic Test-Negative Acute Respiratory Infection Patients in Myanmar in 2023, with a Focus on Rhinovirus and Enterovirus Genotyping |
| title_fullStr | Surveillance of Respiratory Pathogens Among Rapid Diagnostic Test-Negative Acute Respiratory Infection Patients in Myanmar in 2023, with a Focus on Rhinovirus and Enterovirus Genotyping |
| title_full_unstemmed | Surveillance of Respiratory Pathogens Among Rapid Diagnostic Test-Negative Acute Respiratory Infection Patients in Myanmar in 2023, with a Focus on Rhinovirus and Enterovirus Genotyping |
| title_short | Surveillance of Respiratory Pathogens Among Rapid Diagnostic Test-Negative Acute Respiratory Infection Patients in Myanmar in 2023, with a Focus on Rhinovirus and Enterovirus Genotyping |
| title_sort | surveillance of respiratory pathogens among rapid diagnostic test negative acute respiratory infection patients in myanmar in 2023 with a focus on rhinovirus and enterovirus genotyping |
| topic | rhinovirus enterovirus molecular epidemiology acute respiratory infection COVID-19 pandemic |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/17/6/860 |
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