Torthaí cuardaigh - V. Yu. Stetsenko

It is shown that extent of modifying of an alloy is proportional to overcooling at its hardening, viscosity of fusion and interphase superficial energy of crystals of the leading phase. The key technological parameters of modifying of an alloy are the speed of its hardening, viscosity of fusion and...

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The basic mechanisms of Al-Si alloysmodifying are determined. Fast solidification and inheritance modification are major in casting of alloys with a highly dispersed and inverted microstructure.

It is shown that melting and molding of hypoeutectic silumin are difficult physical and chemical nanostructural processes. In them the major role is played by the centers of crystallization of primary dendrites of aluminum, aluminum nanocrystals, the dissolved and adsorbed hydrogen. The role of the...

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On the basis of thermodynamic analysis it is shown that metal melts are the nanostructured systems which consist of phases and atoms nanocrystals. Nanocrystalsmake 97% ofthemeltvolume.

Melting and crystallization of metals are equilibrium thermodynamic processes. As the main structural units of dendrites serve construction nanocrystals which are formed of elementary nanocrystals. The main mechanisms of processes of melting and crystallization of metals are disintegration of dendri...

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It is shown that melting and molding of the eutectic silumin are difficult physical and chemical nanostructural processes. In them the major role is played by the centers of crystallization of the eutectic dendrites of aluminum, aluminum nanocrystals, the dissolved and adsorbed hydrogen. The role of...

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It is shown that melting, crystallization and modifying of metals are difficult nanostructural processes. The nanocrystals and atoms of metals, the centers of crystallization of dendrites, surface-active elements, gases modifying elements, poorly soluble impurity elements in solid metal generally pa...

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Water is mainly composed of ice nanocrystals. The peculiarities of water crystallization can be explained on the basis of its nanostructural structure and nanostructural crystallization. Atmospheric air molecules dissolve well in water and are adsorbed by its nanocrystals. It is shown that the amoun...

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It is shown that melting and molding of hypereutectic silumin are complicated physical and chemical nanostructural processes. The major part at these processes is played by the centers of crystallization of primary crystals of silicon, silicon nanocrystals, the dissolved and adsorbed oxygen. The par...

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On the basis of the thermodynamic analysis of the hydrogen bubbles formation it is shown that they can have a direct effect on forming of the structure of metals and alloys during solidification of castings.

It is shown that melting and molding of steel are difficult physical and chemical nanostructural processes. In them the major role is played by the centers of crystallization of dendrites of austenite, austenite nanocrystals, the dissolved and adsorbed oxygen. The role of modifiers of magnesium and...

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It is shown that only stable particles can be elementary particles. The fundamental elementary particles are positive, negative and neutral particles of space. Photons and neutrinos are formed from them, which are elementary particles of electrons, positrons and protons. A neutral photon consists of...

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It is shown that impurity modifying of secondary alloys inefficiently because of the high contents in fusion of high-disperse nonmetallic particles. They promote receiving not modified microstructure and pollution of castings by nonmetallic inclusions. Effective ways of modifying of secondary alloys...

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Based on thermodynamic calculations of the substantial Universe, it is shown that the cosmological theory of the Big Bang is erroneous. The thermodynamic ban on this theory makes the hypothesis of dark energy expanding the substantial Universe also erroneous. It is shown that the substantial Univers...

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New mechanisms of the metals and alloys crystallization processes on the basis of the thermodynamic analysis of the homogeneous and heterogeneous nucleation processes are given.

New principles and efficient methods for modification of alloys were developed. They enabled to invent new technological processes for casting of billets with finelydispersed inverted microstructure.

It is shown that clusters in liquid metals are equilibrium nanocrystals. Stability of nanocrystals is confirmed by the rule of phases and is provided very low (in hundreds of times) with values of specific interphase superficial energy. It is shown that nanocrystals in liquid metals have the sizes m...

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It is shown that during 10–10–10–11s, only clusters consisting of 4 or 3 water molecules can statistically form in water. It is shown that Brownian motion in water occurs as a result of collision of ice nanocrystals with Brownian particles. Brownian motion is an experimental confirmation of the nano...

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It is shown that the main problems of modern modifying of alloys are connected with the air atmosphere and use of impurity modifiers. For the solution of these problems it is necessary to use the accelerated hardening, fine-crystalline furnace charge and protection against atmospheric vapors of wate...

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It is shown that the basis of the theory of alloys modification is refinement of nano-crystals surfaces and growing crystallizing centers of the phases from blocking surface-active elements and molecular hydrogen.