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Operation Peter Pan

Cuban children waiting in line to emigrate. Operation Peter Pan (or Operación Pedro Pan) was a clandestine exodus of over 14,000 unaccompanied Cuban minors ages 6 to 18 to the United States over a two-year span from 1960 to 1962. They were sent by parents who feared, on the basis of unsubstantiated rumors propagated by the US, that Fidel Castro and the Communist party were planning to terminate parents' legal custody (or "patria potestad", in Spanish) of their children, and place minors in alleged "communist indoctrination centers". No such actions by the Castro regime ever took place.

The program consisted of two main components: the mass transportation of Cuban children via airplane to the United States – Miami as a particularly common hub – and the programs set up to care for them once they arrived. Both were led by Father Bryan O. Walsh of the Catholic Welfare Bureau. The operation was the largest exodus of minor refugees in the Western Hemisphere at the time. It operated covertly out of fear that it would be viewed as an anti-Castro political enterprise. Provided by Wikipedia
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    Human development, inequality, and their associations with brain structure across 29 countries by Vicente Medel, Luz M. Alliende, Richard Bethlehem, Jakob Seidlitz, Grace Ringlein, Celso Arango, Aurina Arnatkevičiūtė, Laila Asmal, Mark Bellgrove, Vivek Benegal, Miquel Bernardo, Pablo Billeke, Jorge Bosch-Bayard, Rodrigo Bressan, Geraldo Busatto, Mariana Castro, Tiffany Chaim-Avancini, Monise Costanzi, Leticia Czepielewski, Paola Dazzan, Camilo de la Fuente-Sandoval, Covadonga M. Diaz-Caneja, Marta Di Forti, Ana Maria Diaz-Zuluaga, Stefan Du Plessis, Fabio Duran, Sol Fittipaldi, Alex Fornito, Nelson Freimer, Ary Gadelha, Clarissa Gama, Ranjini Garani, Clemente Garcia-Rizo, Cecilia Gonzalez Campo, Alfonso Gonzalez-Valderrama, Salvador Guinjoan, Bharath Holla, Agustin Ibañez, Daniza Ivanovic, Andrea Jackowski, Pablo Leon-Ortiz, Christine Lochner, Carlos Lopez-Jaramillo, Hilmar Luckhoff, Raffael Massuda, Philip McGuire, Jun Miyata, Romina Mizrahi, Robin Murray, Aysegul Ozerdem, Pedro Pan, Mara Parellada, Lebogang Phahladira, Juan P. Ramirez-Mahaluf, Ramiro Reckziegel, Tiago Reis Marques, Francisco Reyes-Madrigal, Annerine Roos, Pedro Rosa, Giovanni Salum, Freda Scheffler, Gunter Schumann, Mauricio Serpa, Dan J. Stein, Angeles Tepper, Jeggan Tiego, Tsukasa Ueno, Juan Undurraga, Eduardo A Undurraga, Pedro Valdes-Sosa, Isabel Valli, Mirta Villarreal, Toby T Winton-Brown, Nefize Yalin, Francisco Zamorano, Marcus Zanetti, Anderson M Winkler, Sara Evans-Lacko, Nicolas A. Crossley

    Published 2025-01-01
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