Search Results - Iran
Iran
Iran, , }} officially the Islamic Republic of Iran,, .}} and also known as Persia, .; , }} is a country in West Asia. It borders Iraq to the west, Turkey, Azerbaijan, and Armenia to the northwest, the Caspian Sea to the north, Turkmenistan to the northeast, Afghanistan to the east, Pakistan to the southeast, and the Gulf of Oman and the Persian Gulf to the south. With a population of over 90 million, Iran ranks 17th globally in both geographic size and population and is the sixth-largest country in Asia. It is divided into five regions with 31 provinces. Tehran is the nation's capital, largest city, and financial center.Home to one of the world's oldest continuous major civilizations, most of Iran was first united as a nation by the Medes under Cyaxares in the 7th century BC and reached its territorial height in the 6th century BC, when Cyrus the Great founded the Achaemenid Empire. Alexander the Great conquered the empire in the 4th century BC. An Iranian rebellion in the 3rd century BC established the Parthian Empire, which later liberated the country. In the 3rd century CE, the Parthians were succeeded by the Sasanian Empire, which oversaw a golden age in the history of Iranian civilization. During this period, ancient Iran saw some of the earliest developments of writing, agriculture, urbanization, religion, and administration. Once a center for Zoroastrianism, Iran underwent Islamization following the 7th century CE Muslim conquest. Innovations in literature, philosophy, mathematics, medicine, astronomy and art were renewed during the Islamic Golden Age and Iranian Intermezzo, a period during which Iranian Muslim dynasties ended Arab rule and revived the Persian language. This era was followed by Seljuk and Khwarazmian rule, Mongol conquests and the Timurid Renaissance from the 11th to 14th centuries.
In the 16th century, the native Safavid dynasty re-established a unified Iranian state with Twelver Shia Islam as the official religion, laying the framework for the modern state of Iran. During the Afsharid Empire in the 18th century, Iran was a leading world power, but it lost this status after the Qajars took power in the 1790s. The early 20th century saw the Persian Constitutional Revolution and the establishment of the Pahlavi dynasty by Reza Shah, who ousted the last Qajar Shah in 1925. Following the Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran in 1941, his son Mohammad Reza Pahlavi rose to power. Attempts by Mohammad Mosaddegh to nationalize the oil industry led to the Anglo-American coup in 1953. The Iranian Revolution in 1979 overthrew the monarchy, and the Islamic Republic of Iran was established by Ruhollah Khomeini, the country's first supreme leader. In 1980, Iraq invaded Iran, sparking the eight-year-long Iran–Iraq War, which ended in a stalemate. Iran has since been involved in proxy wars with Israel and Saudi Arabia; in 2025, Israeli strikes on Iran escalated tensions into the Iran–Israel war. Following the war and amid a growing economic crisis, potentially the largest protests since 1979 erupted in late December 2025.
Iran's government is an Islamic theocracy: "Both the Iranian state's framework as a theocratic republic and its discordant and inconsistent institutions make for a fascinating assessment of the resulting human rights program." * : "A new constitutional order emerged, in its early years dominated by the clerical establishment. Thus, as a theocratic republic Iran's republican institutions are laced with doctrinal bodies and religious-based organs." * : "In the space of those 60 years, Iran transitioned from a monarchy to a theocratic republic." * .}} governed by elected and unelected institutions, with ultimate authority vested in the supreme leader. While it holds elections, key offices—including the head of state and military—are not subject to public vote. The Iranian government is an authoritarian regime which has been widely criticized internationally due to its poor human rights record, including restrictions on freedom of assembly, expression, and the press, as well as its treatment of women, ethnic minorities, and political dissidents. International observers have raised concerns over the fairness of its electoral processes, especially the vetting of candidates by unelected bodies such as the Guardian Council. Iran maintains a centrally planned economy with significant state ownership in key sectors, though private enterprise exists alongside this. It is a middle power, due to its large reserves of fossil fuels (including the world's second largest natural gas supply and third largest proven oil reserves), its geopolitically significant location, and its role as the world's focal point of Shia Islam. Iran is a threshold state with one of the most scrutinized nuclear programs, which it claims is solely for civilian purposes; however, the IAEA, a UN agency tasked with monitoring the production of nuclear weapons, has on two occasions found Iran to be non-compliant with its safeguards obligations. It is a founding member of the United Nations and a member state of numerous international organisations. Iran has 29 UNESCO World Heritage Sites (the 10th-highest in the world) and ranks 4th in intangible cultural heritage or human treasures. Provided by Wikipedia
-
1
As doenças e as dietas na construção da alteridade entre os integrantes do Exército imperial brasileiro durante a Guerra dos Farrapos Disease and diet in the construction of othern...
Published 2011-09-01Get full textNa Guerra dos Farrapos milhares de brasileiros foram convocados para lutar pelo Exército imperial contra os republicanos rio-grandenses. Os dez anos de conflito reuniram no mesmo lugar militares oriundos de diferentes partes do Brasil, o que propiciou a construção de relações de alteridade entre ele...
Article -
2
-
3
-
4
Glossários de matemática como veículo de integração de saberes em sala de aula
Published 2022-12-01Get full textNeste artigo discutimos os resultados de uma pesquisa sobre a utilização de glossários na integração de saberes entre matemática e linguagem em três contextos de significação: dicionários da língua portuguesa, dicionários de matemática e livros didáticos de matemática de matemática. A pesquisa foi...
Article -
5
Glossários de matemática como veículo de integração de saberes em sala de aula
Published 2022-12-01Get full textNeste artigo discutimos os resultados de uma pesquisa sobre a utilização de glossários na integração de saberes entre matemática e linguagem em três contextos de significação: dicionários da língua portuguesa, dicionários de matemática e livros didáticos de matemática de matemática. A pesquisa foi...
Article -
6
UMA PERSPECTIVA HISTÓRICA SOBRE O DESENVOLVIMENTO DO MÉTODO DAS SEPARÁVEIS PARA RESOLVER EQUAÇÕES DIFERENCIAIS
Published 2025-06-01Get full textEste artigo apresenta uma análise histórica e epistemológica do desenvolvimento das Equações Diferenciais, com foco no método das separáveis, a partir de fontes históricas, como dois artigos do periódico Acta Eruditorum, cujas autorias pertencem a Gottfried Wilhelm von Leibniz (1646–1716) e Jakob B...
Article -
7
Magnetite nanoparticle as a support for stabilization of chondroitinase ABCI
Published 2019-12-01Get full textChondroitinase ABCI (cABCI) is a drug enzyme that can be used to treat spinal cord injuries. Due to low thermal stability of cABCI, this enzyme was immobilized on Fe3O4 nanoparticle to increase its thermal stability. The size and morphology, structure and magnetic property of the Fe3O4 nanoparticles...
Article -
8
Efficacy of Family Anxiety Management Training of Mothers with Anxious Kindergarten Children aged between 4 -6 Years
Published 2012-09-01Get full textBackground and Objective: Anxiety is a common psychiatric disorder among children. Various types of anxiety disorders, generalized anxiety disorder, social phobia, specific phobia and obsessive- compulsive disorder play an important role in the relationship between children and their parents parents...
Article -
9
Comparison of Hyaluronic Acid with Vitamin E Vaginal Pessaries on Maturation of Vaginal Epithelium in Postmenopausal Women
Published 2012-09-01Get full textBackground and Objective: Following hot flashes, the second, most common and bothersome menopausal complaint is vaginal atrophy. This symptoms causes vaginal or vulvar dryness, dyspareunia, vaginismus or itching that can significantly affect quality of life. The aim of this study was to compare the...
Article -
10
-
11
Design and Prototyping of a Robotic Structure for Poultry Farming
Published 2025-07-01Get full textThe identification and prediction of losses, along with environmental and behavioral analyses and animal welfare monitoring, are key drivers for the use of technologies in poultry farming which help characterize the productive environment. Among these technologies, robotics emerges as a facilitator...
Article -
12
Impact of Mixing Methods and Concentrations on Corrosion Resistance of Smart Coating with Benzotriazole-Loaded Halloysite Nanotubes
Published 2024-09-01Get full textThe oil and gas industry faces significant challenges due to pipeline corrosion, resulting in substantial economic losses and safety risks. This study investigates the effectiveness of smart coatings containing varying concentrations of benzotriazole-loaded halloysite nanotubes (BTA-HNT) and boi...
Article -
13
Development and validation of a rapid-prototyping IoT-based sensor system for poultry house microclimate monitoring
Published 2025-12-01Get full textThe industrial production system for broiler chickens involves raising the animals in an artificial environment (aviary) that must provide all necessary conditions to generate a suitable microclimate. This microclimate ensures optimal development of the animals based on their productive indices and...
Article -
14
Cognitive and Psychological Aspects in Academic Entrepreneur Identity and Entrepreneurial Intention: A Systematic Literature Review
Published 2025-05-01Get full textObjective: to investigate the cognitive and psychological variables shaping academic entrepreneurs’ identity and entrepreneurial intention. Methods: a systematic literature review covering 1996 to 2022, using Web of Science and Scopus databases. The analysis involved co-citation network construction...
Article -
15
Intelligent multi-modeling reveals biological relationships and adaptive phenotypes for dairy cow adaptation to climate change
Published 2025-12-01Get full textThe adaptation of animals to thermal stress involves various variables and adaptive mechanisms. These mechanisms are complex and interconnected, involving both linear and non-linear interactions and dependencies. In this study, we develop a systematic methodology with multivariate models and machine...
Article -
16
Translucency of chicken eggs: proposal of an automated system for analysis and classification
Published 2025-10-01Get full textEggshell quality is a determining factor in food safety, production efficiency, and the commercial acceptance of eggs. This study proposed the development and validation of an automated system for measuring eggshell translucency using computer vision and machine learning. A total of 326 commercial e...
Article -
17
Identificación de estudiantes reflexivos en las instituciones de educación superior en México
Published 2025-06-01Get full textEl presente artículo Identificación de estudiantes reflexivos en las Instituciones de Educación Superior en México, es un valor agregado emanado de la investigación El aprendizaje reflexivo en los estudiantes del tipo superior en México, liderado por el cuerpo académico Estudio de las prácticas inn...
Article -
18
A Multidisciplinary View on Animal Welfare and Alternative Protein: Convergences and Perspectives from Professionals in Agricultural, Food, and Veterinary Sciences
Published 2025-06-01Get full textThis study investigated the perceptions of animal welfare and the consumption of alternative protein sources among future professionals in agronomy, food science, and veterinary medicine. A sample of 769 participants from three faculties [ESALQ (“Luiz de Queiroz” College of Agriculture), FZEA (Schoo...
Article -
19
Multicystic epithelioid mesothelioma infiltrating abdominal wall and thigh: case report
Published 2021-09-01Get full textO mesotelioma epitelioide multicístico é um tumor benigno raro que surge a partir de modificações nas células mesoteliais peritoneais. Relatamos um caso de um grande mesotelioma epitelioide multicístico em paciente do sexo feminino com infiltração em parede abdominal e coxa. Foi realizada a ressecçã...
Article -
20
Effectiveness of Chlorthalidone Plus Amiloride for the Prevention of Hypertension: The PREVER‐Prevention Randomized Clinical Trial
Published 2016-12-01Get full textBackground Prehypertension is associated with higher cardiovascular risk, target organ damage, and incidence of hypertension. The Prevention of Hypertension in Patients with PreHypertension (PREVER‐Prevention) trial aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a low‐dose diuretic for the prevention...
Article
