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India
India, officially the Republic of India,}} is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by area; the most populous country since 2023; and, since its independence in 1947, the world's most populous democracy. Bounded by the Indian Ocean on the south, the Arabian Sea on the southwest, and the Bay of Bengal on the southeast, it shares land borders with Pakistan to the west; However, this is disputed, and the region bordering Afghanistan is administered by Pakistan.}} China, Nepal, and Bhutan to the north; and Bangladesh and Myanmar to the east. In the Indian Ocean, India is near Sri Lanka and the Maldives; its Andaman and Nicobar Islands share a maritime border with Myanmar, Thailand, and Indonesia.Modern humans arrived on the Indian subcontinent from Africa no later than 55,000 years ago. Their long occupation, predominantly in isolation as hunter-gatherers, has made the region highly diverse. Settled life emerged on the subcontinent in the western margins of the Indus river basin 9,000 years ago, evolving gradually into the Indus Valley Civilisation of the third millennium BCE. By , an archaic form of Sanskrit, an Indo-European language, had diffused into India from the northwest. Its hymns recorded the early dawnings of Hinduism in India. India's pre-existing Dravidian languages were supplanted in the northern regions. By , caste had emerged within Hinduism, and Buddhism and Jainism had arisen, proclaiming social orders unlinked to heredity. Early political consolidations gave rise to the loose-knit Maurya and Gupta Empires. This era was noted for creativity in art, architecture, and writing, but the status of women declined, and untouchability became an organised belief.}} In South India, the Middle kingdoms exported Dravidian language scripts and religious cultures to the kingdoms of Southeast Asia.
In the 1st millennium, Islam, Christianity, Judaism, and Zoroastrianism became established on India's southern and western coasts. In the early centuries of the 2nd millennium Muslim armies from Central Asia intermittently overran India's northern plains. The resulting Delhi Sultanate drew northern India into the cosmopolitan networks of medieval Islam. In south India, the Vijayanagara Empire created a long-lasting composite Hindu culture. In the Punjab, Sikhism emerged, rejecting institutionalised religion. The Mughal Empire ushered in two centuries of economic expansion and relative peace, and left a rich architectural legacy. Gradually expanding rule of the British East India Company turned India into a colonial economy but consolidated its sovereignty. British Crown rule began in 1858. The rights promised to Indians were granted slowly, but technological changes were introduced, and modern ideas of education and the public life took root. A nationalist movement emerged in India, the first in the non-European British Empire and an influence on other nationalist movements. Noted for nonviolent resistance after 1920, it became the primary factor in ending British rule. In 1947, the British Indian Empire was partitioned into two independent dominions, a Hindu-majority dominion of India and a Muslim-majority dominion of Pakistan. A large-scale loss of life and an unprecedented migration accompanied the partition.
India has been a federal republic since 1950, governed through a democratic parliamentary system. It is a pluralistic, multilingual and multi-ethnic society. India's population grew from 361 million in 1951 to over 1.4 billion in 2023. During this time, its nominal per capita income increased from US$64 annually to US$2,601, and its literacy rate from 16.6% to 74%. A comparatively destitute country in 1951, India has become a fast-growing major economy and a hub for information technology services, with an expanding middle class. India has reduced its poverty rate, though at the cost of increasing economic inequality. It is a nuclear-weapon state that ranks high in military expenditure. It has disputes over Kashmir with its neighbours, Pakistan and China, unresolved since the mid-20th century. Among the socio-economic challenges India faces are gender inequality, child malnutrition, and rising levels of air pollution. India's land is megadiverse with four biodiversity hotspots. India's wildlife, which has traditionally been viewed with tolerance in its culture, is supported in protected habitats. Provided by Wikipedia
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Meatpacking in the COVID-19 context by India Luxton
Published 2025-07-01In January 2020, the coronavirus began spreading rapidly across the United States and became an emergent public health crisis. To mitigate the spread of the virus, state, local, and federal governments implemented various disease mitigation strategies including mask mandates, social distancing r...
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India : small scale industries in perspective / by India. Small Scale Industries. Development Commissioner
Published 1972 Other Authors: “…India. Ministry of Industrial Development…”
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Solar cookers and ovens, technology options : based on workshop on "solar cookers and ovens" held at Gandhi Peace Foundation, New Delhi on 7th & 8th July, 1981 / by Solar Cookers and Ovens ( 1981 : New Delhi, India )
Published 1982 Other Authors: “…New Delhi (India). Consortium on Rural Technology…”
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Research and training in literacy in Asia and Oceania : report of / by Unesco Regional Panel of Experts (1978 : New Delhi, India)
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Attributing non-specific symptoms to cancer in general practice: A scoping review. by Gladys Langue, India Pinker, Valerie Moran, Sophie Pilleron
Published 2025-01-01<h4>Background</h4>Non-specific cancer symptoms are challenging to interpret in general practice. They can be attributed to a wide range of other conditions and delay the cancer diagnosis, increasing the risk of poor outcomes.<h4>Aim</h4>To summarise existing knowledge on the...
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Attributing non-specific symptoms to cancer in general practice: A scoping review by Gladys Langue, India Pinker, Valerie Moran, Sophie Pilleron
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Proceedings of the Consultants' Group Meetins on Downy Mildew and Ergot of Pearl Millet, 1-3 October, 1975 / by Consultants' Group Meetings on Downy Mildew and Ergot of Pearl Millet (1975 : Hyderabad, India)
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Comprehensive Physical Assessment in an Older Adult Inpatient Psychiatric Ward – A Pilot Project by Jhon Miguel Vecida, Matthew Francis, Folakemi Oladinni, India Corrin, Eleanor Cook
Published 2025-06-01Aims: To improve the assessment and management of physical health comorbidities for patients admitted to Crocus Ward, Springfield University Hospital.
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Silver Nanoclusters with Broad-Spectrum Antibacterial Properties by India J. Cook, Maria Eleni Kyriazi, Myron Christodoulides, Antonios G. Kanaras
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The role of point-of-care ultrasound in detecting an occult pediatric elbow fracture missed on plain film: A case report by India Rogers-Shepp, Andrew Parambath, MD/MBA/M.Ed, Timothy J. Batchelor, MD
Published 2025-10-01It has been proposed that sonography be utilized as an early imaging modality of choice when evaluating a pediatric elbow injury. We present a case where traditional plain film radiography was preferentially employed and failed to find diagnostic evidence of a fracture. When point-of-care ultrasound...
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Indigenous knowledge driven nature-based solutions: findings from an international design competition by Maibritt Pedersen Zari, Mercia Abbott, India Chenery, Huhana Smith, Rebecca Kiddle, Lama Tone, Selina Ershadi
Published 2025-12-01Nature-based solutions (NbS) strengthen biodiversity and ecosystems but should also centre human wellbeing. Understandings of wellbeing differ however and relate closely to cultural values, relationships with nature, and worldviews. This means that NbS can hold very different meanings across context...
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Diagnosis of chronic disease during admission for emergency general surgery: a portal to healthcare by Catherine Garrison Velopulos, Quintin W O Myers, Kaitlyn Dickinson, Victoria Clair, Denise M Garofalo, Ariel Wolf, Charlotte Heron, Samuel K Mathai, India V Bonner
Published 2025-06-01Background Although nearly half of the US population has a chronic disease, many remain undiagnosed, leading to significant morbidity and mortality. Sociodemographic factors affect access to preventative healthcare, increasing rates of undiagnosed chronic disease. We hypothesize that emergency gener...
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Identifying wildlife reservoirs of neglected taeniid tapeworms: Non-invasive diagnosis of endemic Taenia serialis infection in a wild primate population. by India Schneider-Crease, Randi H Griffin, Megan A Gomery, Pierre Dorny, John C Noh, Sukwan Handali, Holly M Chastain, Patricia P Wilkins, Charles L Nunn, Noah Snyder-Mackler, Jacinta C Beehner, Thore J Bergman
Published 2017-07-01Despite the global distribution and public health consequences of Taenia tapeworms, the life cycles of taeniids infecting wildlife hosts remain largely undescribed. The larval stage of Taenia serialis commonly parasitizes rodents and lagomorphs, but has been reported in a wide range of hosts that in...
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Biological assessment of a new ready-to-use hydraulic sealer by Francine Benetti, João Eduardo Gomes-Filho, India Olinta de Azevedo-Queiroz, Marina Carminatti, Letícia Citelli Conti, Alexandre Henrique dos Reis-Prado, Sandra Helena Penha de Oliveira, Edilson Ervolino, Elói Dezan-Júnior, Luciano Tavares Angelo Cintra
Published 2021-05-01ObjectivesThis study compared the cytotoxicity, biocompatibility, and tenascin immunolabeling of a new ready-to-use hydraulic sealer (Bio-C Sealer) with MTA-Fillapex and white MTA-Angelus.Materials and MethodsL929 fibroblasts were cultivated and exposed to undiluted and diluted material extracts. Po...
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Cost-effective solutions for high-throughput enzymatic DNA methylation sequencing. by Amy Longtin, Marina M Watowich, Baptiste Sadoughi, Rachel M Petersen, Sarah F Brosnan, Kenneth Buetow, Qiuyin Cai, Cayo Biobank Research Unit, Michael D Gurven, James P Higham, Heather M Highland, Yi-Ting Huang, Hillard Kaplan, Thomas S Kraft, Yvonne A L Lim, Jirong Long, Amanda D Melin, Michael J Montague, Jamie Roberson, Kee Seong Ng, Michael L Platt, India A Schneider-Crease, Jonathan Stieglitz, Benjamin C Trumble, Vivek V Venkataraman, Ian J Wallace, Jie Wu, Noah Snyder-Mackler, Angela Jones, Alexander G Bick, Amanda J Lea
Published 2025-05-01Characterizing DNA methylation patterns is important for addressing key questions in evolutionary biology, development, geroscience, and medical genomics. While costs are decreasing, whole-genome DNA methylation profiling remains prohibitively expensive for most population-scale studies, creating a...
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India and International Year of Shelter for the Homeless (I.Y.S.H.) /
Published 1984 “…India…”
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National Commission on Agriculture, 1976 abridged report
Published 1977 “…India (Republic)…”
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Rice / by Roy, R. N.
Published 1976 “…Fertiliser Association of India…”
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Leucaena leucocephala in India : proceedings of national seminar, Urukilanchan, June 26-27, 1981 /
Published 1983 “…India…”
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